What is the genetic relationship between anxiety and depression?
Abstract
Anxiety and depression share a long, close history in psychiatric nosology and treatment. The anxiety disorders, individually and as a group, exhibit remarkably high rates of comorbidity with each other and with major depression. Analyses done in large-scale epidemiologic surveys have identified major patterns of phenomenological overlap between these conditions. Researchers have tested hypotheses of shared genetic etiologies as a potential basis of this relationship. In general, available family studies have found mixed evidence for co-aggregation of anxiety and depressive disorders, while twin studies more definitively indicate that shared genetic risk factors largely account for this comorbidity. Some of this appears to be accounted for by genetic variation in personality traits that broadly predispose to anxiety and depression. Molecular genetic studies of these conditions, though too early to draw firm conclusions, thus far provide tentative support for specific genetic loci that may generally influence susceptibility across the anxiety-depressive spectrum.
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Symptoms of generalized and social anxiety are highly comorbid with depression symptomatology in adolescents.
“symptoms of generalized and social anxiety are highly comorbid with depression symptomatology in this age group”
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- Authors
- Hettema, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hettema, John M.
- ORCID
- Hettema, John M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-04-22
- Volume
- 148C
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 140-146
- ISSN
- 1552-4868 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4876
- OpenAlex
- W1991173495
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, shared genetic etiology, twin studies, family studies, personality traits, genetic susceptibility, genetic loci
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Genetic Linkage, Male, Molecular Biology, Personality, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Twin Studies as Topic
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