Gene–environment interaction analysis of serotonin system markers with adolescent depression
Abstract
We report analyses from a study of gene-environment interaction in adolescent depression. The sample was selected from 1990 adolescents aged 10-20 years: those with depression symptoms in the top or bottom 15% were identified and divided into high or low environmental risk groups. DNA was obtained from 377 adolescents, representing the four quadrants of high or low depression and high or low environmental risk. Markers within, or close to, each of the serotonergic genes 5HTT, HTR2A, HTR2C, MAOA (monoamine oxidase type A) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) were genotyped. Environmental risk group was a nonsignificant predictor and sex was a significant predictor of the depression group. HTR2A and TPH significantly predicted the depression group, independent of the effects of sex, environmental risk group and their interaction. In addition, there was a trend for an effect of 5HTTLPR, which was significant in female subjects. Furthermore, there was a significant genotype-environmental risk interaction for 5HTTLPR in female subjects only, with the effect being in the same direction as another recent study, reaffirming that an important source of genetic heterogeneity is exposure to environmental risk.
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Eley et al. (2004) found no main or interaction effects for the 5-HT2C VNTR, but observed a significant main effect for increased depression in T allele carriers of the 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism.
“Although no main or interaction effects for the 5-HT2C VNTR were found, a significant main effect for increased depression in T allele carriers of the 5-HT2A T102C was observed.”
From Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Eley et al. (2004)
Eley et al. (2004) found a significant protective effect of TPH1 on depressive symptoms in relation to early life stress, which included family problems, parent education, and adverse events in adolescence.
“Findings revealed a significant protective effect of TPH1 on depressive symptoms in relation to ELS, which consisted of family problems, parent education, and adverse events occurring in adolescence.”
From Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Eley et al. (2004)
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- Authors
- Eley, T. C., Sugden, K., Corsico, A., Gregory, A. M., Sham, P., McGuffin, P., Plomin, R., & Craig, I. W.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Eley, T C
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2004-07-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 908-915
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- OpenAlex
- W2034325147
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 17.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- William T. Grant Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- gene-environment interaction, adolescent depression, serotonergic system, 5-HTTLPR, HTR2A, 5-HT2C receptor, monoamine oxidase A, tryptophan hydroxylase, environmental risk, sex differences, genetic heterogeneity, serotonergic genes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Depression, Environment, Family Health, Female, Genotype, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Monoamine Oxidase, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Serotonin, Sex Factors, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Biomarkers, Genetic Heterogeneity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Membrane Transport Proteins, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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