Water diffusion changes in wallerian degeneration and their dependence on white matter architecture
Abstract
This study investigates water diffusion changes in Wallerian degeneration. We measured indices derived from the diffusion tensor (DT) and T2-weighted signal intensities in the descending motor pathways of patients with small chronic lacunar infarcts of the posterior limb of the internal capsule on one side. We compared these measurements in the healthy and lesioned sides at different levels in the brainstem caudal to the primary lesion. We found that secondary white matter degeneration is revealed by a large reduction in diffusion anisotropy only in regions where fibers are arranged in isolated bundles of parallel fibers, such as in the cerebral peduncle. In regions where the degenerated pathway crosses other tracts, such as in the rostral pons, paradoxically there is almost no change in diffusion anisotropy, but a significant change in the measured orientation of fibers. The trace of the diffusion tensor is moderately increased in all affected regions. This allows one to differentiate secondary and primary fiber loss where the increase in trace is considerably higher. We show that DT-MRI is more sensitive than T2-weighted MRI in detecting Wallerian degeneration. Significant diffusion abnormalities are observed over the entire trajectory of the affected pathway in each patient. This finding suggests that mapping degenerated pathways noninvasively with DT-MRI is feasible. However, the interpretation of water diffusion data is complex and requires a priori information about anatomy and architecture of the pathway under investigation. In particular, our study shows that in regions where fibers cross, existing DT-MRI-based fiber tractography algorithms may lead to erroneous conclusion about brain connectivity.
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Increased diffusion anisotropy in the presence of Wallerian degeneration due to chronic lacunar infarcts has been reported.
“In fact, increased diffusion anisotropy in the presence of Wallerian degeneration due to chronic lacunar infarcts has been reported (Pierpaoli et al., 2001)”
From Potential Pitfalls of Using Fractional Anisotropy, Axial Diffusivity, and Radial Diffusivity as Biomarkers of Cerebral White Matter Microstructure (2022) · cites this paper as Pierpaoli et al., 2001
FA changes can reflect one or more microstructural alterations, including Wallerian degeneration or reduced neuronal membrane permeability.
“Changes in FA signal one or many microstructural alterations, such as Wallerian degeneration (Pierpaoli et al., 2001; Thomalla et al., 2004) or decreased neuronal membrane permeability (Jones, KnöSche, & Turner, 2013).”
From Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research (2019) · cites this paper as Pierpaoli et al., 2001
Increases in radial diffusivity have been linked to decreased myelin protein content, dysmyelination, and axon degeneration.
“Increases in radial diffusivity have been linked to decreased myelin protein content (Song et al., 2002), dysmyelination (Sun et al., 2008;Klawiter et al., 2011), and axon degeneration (Pierpaoli et al., 2001).”
From Early Musical Training and White-Matter Plasticity in the Corpus Callosum: Evidence for a Sensitive Period (2013) · cites this paper as Pierpaoli et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Pierpaoli, C., Barnett, A., Pajevic, S., Chen, R., Penix, L., Virta, A., & Basser, P.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1174-1185
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160215963
- Cited by
- 938
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 22.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- Wallerian degeneration, diffusion tensor imaging, white matter architecture, diffusion anisotropy, T2-weighted MRI, lacunar infarction, internal capsule, descending motor pathways, brainstem, cerebral peduncle, fiber tractography, crossing fibers, white matter degeneration
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Diffusion, Female, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Neural Pathways, Wallerian Degeneration, Anisotropy
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