The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events: An Integrative Review
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
The case for motivated reasoning.
Kunda, Z. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480 · Cited by 9,022
An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion
Weiner, B. (1985) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.92.4.548 · Cited by 7,846
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814
Downward comparison principles in social psychology
Wills, T. A. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.245 · Cited by 2,705
Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies.
Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.34.3.366 · Cited by 2,443
Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?
Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.4.441 · Cited by 1,692
Self-esteem and clarity of the self-concept.
Campbell, J. D. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.3.538 · Cited by 1,381
Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions.
Shrauger, J. S. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076791 · Cited by 406
Research works printed but not linked: 86
- Alloy, L. B. (1982, August). Depression: On the absence of self-serving cognitive biases. Paper presented at the 90th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
- Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1982). Learned helplessness, depression, and the illusion of control. Journal of Personality arui Social Psychology, 42 1114–1126. · DOI
- Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Viscusi, D. (1981). Induced mood and the illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41 1129–1140. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1129 · Paper page
- Arkin, R. M., & Maruyama, G. (1979). Attribution, affect, and college exam performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71 85–93. · DOI
- Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1985). Self-esteem and responses to success and failure: Subsequent performance and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality, 53 450–467. · DOI · Paper page
- Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Hutton, D. (1989). Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem. Journal of Personality, 57 547–579. · DOI · Paper page
- Baumgardner, A. H. (1990). To know oneself is to like oneself: Self-certainty and self-affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58 1062–1072. · DOI
- Baumgardner, A. H., Kaufman, C., & Levy, P. (1989). Regulating affect interpersonally: When low self-esteem leads to greater enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56 907–921. · DOI
- Bradley, G. W. (1978). Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Persormlity and Social Psychology, 36 56–71. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.1.56 · Paper page
- Brockner, J. (1983). Low self-esteem and behavioral plasticity: Some implications; In L. Wheeler & P. Shaver (Eds.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 237–271). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Brown, J. D. (1986). Evaluations of self and others: Self-enhancement biases in sodal judgements. Social Cognition, 4 353–375. · DOI · Paper page
- Brown, J. D., Collins, R., & Schmidt, G. (1988). Self-esteem and direct vs. indirect forms of self-enhancement. Journal of Persormlity and Social Psychology, 55 445–453. · DOI · Paper page
- Brown, J. D., & Rogers, R. J. (1991). Self-serving attributions: The role of physiological arousal. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17 501–506. · DOI
- Campbell, J. D. (1986). Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression. Journal of Persormlity and Social Psychology, 50 281–294. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.281 · Paper page
- Campbell, J. D., & Fèhr, B. (1990). Self-esteem and perceptions of conveyed impressions: Is negative affectivity associated with greater realism? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58 122–133. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.122 · Paper page
- Cohen, L., van den Bout, J., van Vliet, T., & Kramer, W. (1989). Attributional asymmetries in relation to dysphoria and self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 10 1055–1061. · DOI
- College Dictiormry (Revised edition). (1975). New York: Random House.
- Crandall, R. (1973). The measurement of self-esteem and related constructs. In J. Robinson & P. Shaver (Eds.), Measures of social psychological attitudes Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
- Crary, W. G. (1966). Reactions to incongruent self-experiences. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 30 246–252. · DOI
- Crocker, J. (1991). Memory for information about others: Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback. Unpublished manuscript.
- Crocker, J., & Blaine, B. (1992). Self-esteem and self-serving biases: An integrative review. Unpublished manuscript.
- Crocker, J., Thompson, L., McGraw, K., & Ingerman, C. (1987). Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluations of others: Effects of self-esteem and threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 907–916. · DOI · Paper page
- DeMonbreun, B. G., & Craighead, W. E. (1977). Distortion of perception and recall of positive and neutral feedback in depression.Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1 311–329. · DOI
- Dykman, B., Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., & Hartlage, S. (1989). Processing of ambiguous and unambiguous feedback by depressed and nondepressed college students: Schematic biases and their implications for depressive realism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56 431–445. · DOI
- Feather, N. T. (1969). Attribution of responsibility and valence of success and failure in relation to initial confidence and task performance.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13 129–144. · DOI · Paper page
- Féather, N. (1989). The rosy glow of self-esteem: Depression, masculinity, and causal attributions. Australian Journal of Psychology, 39 25–41. · DOI
- Féather, N. T., & Simon, J. G. (1971a). Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and success and failure of self and other. Jourrml of Personality and Social Psychology, 18 173–188. · DOI · Paper page
- Feather, N. T., & Simon, J. G. (1971b). Causal attributions for success and failure in relation to expectation of success based on selective or manipulative control. Journal of Personality, 39 527–541. · DOI
- Rtch, G. (1970). Effects of self-esteem, perceived performance, and choice on causal attribution. Journal of Persormlity and Social Psychology, 16 311–315. · DOI · Paper page
- Fries, A., & Frey, D. (1980). Misattribution of arousal and the effects of self-threatening information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16 405–416. · DOI
- Gibbons, F. X., & McCoy, S. B. (1991). Self-esteem similarity, and reactions to active vs. passive downward comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60 414–424. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.414 · Paper page
- Gilmor, T. M., & Minton, H. L. (1974). Internal versus external attribution of task performance as a function of locus of control, iiutial confidence and success-failure outcome. Journal of Personality, 42 159–174. · DOI
- Gilovich, T. (1983). Biased evaluation and persistance in gambling.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44 1110–1126. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.6.1110 · Paper page
- Gilovich, T. (1991). How we know what isn’t so: The fallibility of human reason in everyday life. New York: Free Press.
- Gollwitzer, P. M., Earie, W. B., & Stephan, W. G. (1982). Affect as a determinant of egotism: Residual excitation and performance attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43 702–709. · DOI
- Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1982). The self-serving attributional bias: Beyond self-presentation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18 56–67. · DOI · Paper page
- Harter, S. (1986). Processes underlying the construction, maintenance, and enhancement of the self-concept in children. In J. Suis & A. Greenwald (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 3, pp. 137–181). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Harvey, O., & Clapp, W. (1965). Hope, expectancy, and reactions to the unexpected.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2 45–52. · DOI
- Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: John Wiley. · DOI · Paper page
- Ickes, W., & Layden, M. A. (1978). Attributional styles. In W. Ickes & R. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 2, pp. 119–152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Korman, A. K. (1968). Task success, task popularity, and self-esteem as influences on task liking. Journal of Applied Psychology, 52 484–490. · DOI
- Kruglanski, A. W. (1990). Motivations for judging and knowing: Implications for causal attribution. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 333–368). New York: Guilford.
- Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32 311–328. · DOI · Paper page
- Lau, R., & Russell, D. (1980). Attribution in the sports pages: A field test of some current hypotheses in attribution research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39 39–48. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.1.29 · Paper page
- Marsh, H. W. (1986). Global self-esteem: Its relation to specific facets of self-concept and their importance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 1224–1236. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1224 · Paper page
- McFarland, C. & Ross, M. (1982). Impact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43 937–946. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.937 · Paper page
- Miller, D. T. (1978). What constitutes a self-serving attributional bias? A reply to Bradley. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36 1221–1223. · DOI
- Miller, D. T., & Porter, C. A. (1988). Errors and biases in the attribution process. In L. Y. Abramson (Ed.), Social cognition and clinical psychology: A synthesis (pp. 3–32). New York: Guüford.
- Miller, D. T., & Ross, M. (1975). Self-serving biases in attribution of causality: Fact or fiction? Psychological Bulletin, 82 213–225. · DOI · Paper page
- Moreland, R. L., & Sweeney, P. (1984). Self-expectancies and reactions to evaluations of personal performance. Journal of Personality, 52 156–176. · DOI
- Nelson, R. E., & Craighead, W. E. (1977). Selective recall of positive and negative feedback, self-control behaviors, and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86 379–388. · DOI · Paper page
- Pelham, B. W, & Swann, W. B., Jr. (1989). From self-conceptions to self-worth: On the sources and structure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57 672–680. · DOI · Paper page
- Peterson, C., Schwartz, S. M., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1981). Self-blame and depression symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41 253–259. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.253
- Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1987). Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on social inference: A biased hypothesis testing model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 20, pp. 297–340). New York: Academic Press. · DOI · Paper page
- Raps, C. S., Reinhard, K. E., Peterson, C., Abramson, L. Y., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). Attributional style among depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91 102- 108. · DOI
- Rizley, R. (1978). Depression and distortion in the attribution of causality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87 32–48. · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.87.1.32 · Paper page
- Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self New York: Basic Books.
- Ross, M., & Sicoly, F. (1979). Egocentric biases in availability and attribution.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37 322–337. · DOI · Paper page
- Sackheim, H. A. (1983). Self-deception, self-esteem, and depression: The adaptive value of lying to oneself. In J. Masling (Ed.),Empirical studies of psychoanalytic theories (Vol. 1, pp. 101–157). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Sackheim, H. A., & Wegner, A. Z. (1986). Attributional patterns in depression and dysthy- mia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43 553–560. · DOI
- Sackheim, H. A., & Wegner, A. Z. (1986). Attributional patterns in depression and dysthy- mia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43 553–560. · DOI
- Schlenker, B. R., & Miller, R. S. (1977). Egocentrism in groups: Self-serving biases or logical information processing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35 755–764. · DOI
- Schlenker, B. R., Sorad, S., Jr., & McCarthy, B. (1976). Self-esteem and group performance as determinants of egocentric perceptions in cooperative groups. Human Relations, 29 1163–1176. · DOI
- Seligman, M. E. P., Abramson, L. Y, Semmel, A., & von Baeyer, C. (1979). Depressive attributional style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88 242–247. · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.3.242 · Paper page
- Shrauger, J. S. (1972). Self-esteem and reactions to being observed by others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23 192–200. · DOI
- Shrauger, J. S., & Lund, A. K. (1975). Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others. Journal of Personality, 43 94–108. · DOI
- Shrauger, J. S., & Rosenberg, S. E. (1970). Self-esteem and the effects of success and failure feedback on performance. Journal of Persormlity, 38 404–417. · DOI · Paper page
- Smith, M. B. (1968). The self and cognitive consistency. In R. B. Abelson et al., (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 366–372). Chicago: Rand McNally.
- Stephan, W. G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1981). Affect as a mediator of attributional egotism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17 443–458. · DOI
- Swann, W. B., Jr. (1983). Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. Suis & A. Greenwald (Eds.), Social psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 2, pp. 33–66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Swann, W. B., Jr. (1985). The self as architect of social reality. In B. Schlenker, (Ed.),The self and social life (pp. 100–125). New York: McGraw-HiU.
- Swarm, W. B., Jr. (1987). Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Socud Psychology 53, 1038–1051. · DOI · Paper page
- Swann, W. B., Jr., Griffin, J., Piedmore, S., & Gaines, B. (1987). The cognitive-affective crossfire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Persormlity and Social Psychology, 52 881–889. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.881 · Paper page
- Sweeney, P. D., Anderson, K., & Bailey, S. (1986). Attributional style in depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, 974–991. · DOI
- Tabachnik, N., Crocker, J., & Alloy, L. B. (1983). Depression, social comparison, and the false-consensus effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45 688–699. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.688
- Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38 1161–1173. · DOI · Paper page
- Tennen, H., & Herzberger, S. (1987). Depression, self-esteem, and the absence of self- protective attributional biases.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 72–80. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.72 · Paper page
- Tennen, H., Herzberger, S., & Nelson, H. (1987). Depressive attributional style: The role of self-esteem. Journal of Personality, 55 631–660. · DOI
- Tetlock, P. E., & Levi, A. (1982). Attribution bias: On the inconclusiveness of the cognition- motivation debate. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18 68–88. · DOI · Paper page
- Tice, D. M. (1991). Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60 711–725. · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.711 · Paper page
- Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Self-esteem, self-handicapping, and self- presentation: The strategy of inadequate practice. Journal of Personality, 58 443–464. · DOI · Paper page
- Weary, G. (1979). Self-serving attributional biases: Perceptual or response distortions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37 1418–1420. · DOI
- Weary, G., Harvey, J. H., Schwieger, P., Olson, C. T, Perloff, R., & Pritchard, S. (1982). Self-presentation and the moderation of self-serving biases. Social Cognition, 1 140- 159. · DOI
- Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary (8th ed.). (1976). New York: Merriam-Webster.
- Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer- Verlag. · DOI · Paper page
- Zuckerman, M. (1979). Attribution of success and failure revisited, or the motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory. Journal of Personality, 47 245–287. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323 · Cited by 7,678
The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(00)80003-9 · Cited by 2,521
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem.
Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.1.5 · Cited by 2,378
Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.766 · Cited by 2,247
Metadata
- Authors
- Blaine, B., & Crocker, J.
- Venue
- Self-Esteem
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1993
- Pages
- 55-85
- OpenAlex
- W1719871446
- Cited by
- 453
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 11.06
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events: An Integrative Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9_4
- The paper
- Blaine, B., & Crocker, J. (1993). Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events: An Integrative Review. Self-Esteem. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9_4
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.