Cited by 321Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain

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Jurga, Agnieszka M., Paleczna, Martyna, Kadluczka, Justyna, Kuter, Katarzyna Z.·2021·Biomolecules

Abstract

The idea of central nervous system as one-man band favoring neurons is long gone. Now we all are aware that neurons and neuroglia are team players and constant communication between those various cell types is essential to maintain functional efficiency and a quick response to danger. Here, we summarize and discuss known and new markers of astroglial multiple functions, their natural heterogeneity, cellular interactions, aging and disease-induced dysfunctions. This review is focused on newly reported facts regarding astrocytes, which are beyond the old stereotypes. We present an up-to-date list of marker proteins used to identify a broad spectrum of astroglial phenotypes related to the various physiological and pathological nervous system conditions. The aim of this review is to help choose markers that are well-tailored for specific needs of further experimental studies, precisely recognizing differential glial phenotypes, or for diagnostic purposes. We hope it will help to categorize the functional and structural diversity of the astroglial population and ease a clear readout of future experimental results.

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Crossref · 10.3390/biom11091361

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  • Many genes whose expression increased most with age are selectively expressed by astrocytes.

    “Many of the genes whose expression increased the most with age are selectively expressed by astrocytes.49”

    From Uncovering the signatures of aging and senescence in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [49]

    Section 6, “Astroglial Markers in the Aging Brain” (page not provided), says that aged astrocytes show enhanced expression of activation markers and that many markers with enhanced expression during aging follow a cytotoxic activation pattern. It does not establish that the genes increasing most with age, relative to other genes, are selectively expressed by astrocytes. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Jurga, A. M., Paleczna, M., Kadluczka, J., & Kuter, K. Z.
Affiliations
  • Maj Institute of Pharmacology (PL)
  • Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
Corresponding author
Kuter, Katarzyna Z.
Venue
Biomolecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-14
Volume
11
Issue
9
Pages
1361
ISSN
2218-273X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3201129361
Cited by
319
References
215
Citations by year
2026: 58 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 3
FWCI
5.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Instytut Farmakologii im. Jerzego Maja Polskiej Akademii Nauk (OPUS14 2017/27/B/NZ7/00289)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
astrocytes, astrocyte markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein, glial heterogeneity, glial phenotype, astrocyte-neuron interaction, glial cells, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, diagnostic biomarkers, central nervous system
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Cell Communication, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Humans, Biomarkers

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