Cholesterol Dysmetabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Starring Role for Astrocytes?
Open accessAbstract
In recent decades, the impairment of cholesterol metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been intensively investigated, and it has been recognized to affect amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and degeneration. In particular, the key role of cholesterol oxidation products, named oxysterols, has emerged. Brain cholesterol metabolism is independent from that of peripheral tissues and it must be preserved in order to guarantee cerebral functions. Among the cells that help maintain brain cholesterol homeostasis, astrocytes play a starring role since they deliver de novo synthesized cholesterol to neurons. In addition, other physiological roles of astrocytes are to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity and support neurons providing energy. In the AD brain, astrocytes undergo significant morphological and functional changes that contribute to AD onset and development. However, the extent of this contribution and the role played by oxysterols are still unclear. Here we review the current understanding of the physiological role exerted by astrocytes in the brain and their contribution to AD pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on the impact of cholesterol dysmetabolism on astrocyte functions suggesting new potential approaches to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting AD development.
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Astrocytes are important for cholesterol synthesis in the brain and are a major source of ApoE-containing lipoprotein particles central to cholesterol transport between astrocytes, neurons, and other cells.
“As astrocytes are important for cholesterol synthesis in brain and are a major source of ApoE-containing lipoprotein particles central to cholesterol transport between astrocytes, neurons, and other cells (17)”
From Regulation of astrocyte lipid metabolism and ApoE secretion by the microglial oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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Topological analyses in APP/PS1 mice reveal that astrocytes do not migrate to amyloid-β plaques
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Astrocytes contain amyloid-β annular protofibrils in Alzheimer's disease brains
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Sensing and Regulating Synaptic Activity by Astrocytes at Tripartite Synapse
Noriega‐Prieto, J. A., & Araque, A. (2021) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-021-03317-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Aβ-induced Ca2+ influx regulates astrocytic BACE1 expression via calcineurin/NFAT4 signals
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EBI2 regulates pro-inflammatory signalling and cytokine release in astrocytes
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Elevated GFAP isoform expression promotes protein aggregation and compromises astrocyte function
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Alternative Targets to Fight Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Astrocytes
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24S-hydroxycholesterol affects redox homeostasis in human glial U-87 MG cells
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Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration
Chacón-Quintero, M. V., Pineda-López, L. G., Villegas‐Lanau, C. A., Posada‐Duque, R., & Cardona‐Gómez, G. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.656832 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Regulation of ABCG4 transporter expression by sterols and LXR ligands
Yang, A., Alrosan, A. Z., Sharpe, L. J., Brown, A. J., Callaghan, R., & Gelissen, I. C. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129769 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 203 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Functions of Stress-Induced Lipid Droplets in the Nervous System
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Impact of Oxysterols in Age-Related Disorders and Strategies to Alleviate Adverse Effects
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“ApoE4 mouse models exhibited A β and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation, reduced dendritic spine density in the entorhinal cortex, deficits in synaptic transmission, and reduction in A β clearance in the CSF [6].”
Self-citationSatellite glial cells: Shaping peripheral input into the brain-body axis?
Meriau, P., Kuruvilla, R., & Cavalli, V. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.05.031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Isoform- and cell-state-specific APOE homeostasis and function
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Role of Scavenger Receptor B1 (SR-B1) in Improving Food Benefits for Human Health
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İlgün, A., & Çakır, T. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-04965-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Weng, H., Wang, Q., Ye, R., Bai, Y., Yang, H., Xu, G., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2023.100946 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yazdi, M. K., Alavi, M. S., & Roohbakhsh, A. (2024) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13981 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Shi, R. H., Li, Y., Zhu, W., Xin, H., Yang, H., Feng, X., Wang, Z., Li, S., Cong, B., & Shi, W. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25158075 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Epigenetic Regulation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol Homeostasis.
Feng, W., Yang, K., Ju, M., Wang, T., & Xiao, R. (2025) · Nutrition reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf082 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Astrocyte response in Alzheimer’s disease: Good or bad?
Ismail, A., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Albuhadily, A. K., Yassen, A. S. A., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. E. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149971 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Acupuncture as a Complementary Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
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Oxymatrine impedes Alzheimer’s progression via the attenuation of hypercholesterolemia and fibrosis
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Silva, I. I. N. D., Ramirez, D., Parylak, S., Wallace, L. A., Tucker, J. K., Erberich, J. M., Katariya, R., McDonald, A. H., Gallina, I. S., Tucker, A. L., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71736-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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CK2 inhibition suppresses glial inflammation in the brainPreprint
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The role of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in a model of amyloid pathology
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- Authors
- Staurenghi, E., Giannelli, S., Testa, G., Sottero, B., Leonarduzzi, G., & Gamba, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Gamba, Paola
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-11-26
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1890
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8750262
- OpenAlex
- W3215444088
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cholesterol metabolism, astrocytes, oxysterols, cholesterol homeostasis, amyloid-beta, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, astrocyte-neuron interaction, synaptic transmission, treatment options
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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