The scientific case that nicotine is addictive

Signs and Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal

Hughes, J. R. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013 · Cited by 1,669

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine

Corrigall, W. A., Franklin, K. B. J., Coen, K. M., & Clarke, P. B. S. (1992) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245149 · Cited by 829

Tobacco withdrawal in self-quitters

Hughes, J. R. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.5.689 · Cited by 412

Debunking myths about self-quitting: Evidence from 10 prospective studies of persons who attempt to quit smoking by themselves.

Cohen, S., Lichtenstein, E., Prochaska, J. O., Rossi, J. S., Gritz, E. R., Carr, C. R., Orleans, C. T., Schoenbach, V. J., Biener, L., Abrams, D., et al. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.11.1355 · Cited by 315 · cited 1×

Severity of withdrawal symptoms as a predictor of outcome of an attempt to quit smoking

West, R. J., Hajek, P., & Belcher, M. (1989) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700005705 · Cited by 279

Smoking cessation among self-quitters.

Hughes, J. R., Gulliver, S. B., Fenwick, J. W., Valliere, W. A., Cruser, K., Pepper, S., Shea, P., Solomon, L. J., & Flynn, B. S. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.11.5.331 · Cited by 269

A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease

Thorgeirsson, T. E., Geller, F., Sulem, P., Rafnar, T., Wiste, A., Magnusson, K. P., Manolescu, A., Thorleifsson, G., Stefansson, H., Ingason, A., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06846 · Cited by 1,523

Brain Reward Circuitry

Wise, R. A. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00965-0 · Cited by 881

Neurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: a self-medication hypothesis

Markou, A. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00113-9 · Cited by 767

Dramatic decreases in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal

Epping-Jordan, M. P., Watkins, S. S., Koob, G. F., & Markou, A. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30001 · Cited by 674

Habenular α5 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake

Fowler, C. D., Lu, Q., Johnson, P. M., Marks, M. J., & Kenny, P. J. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09797 · Cited by 663

Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal

S. Watkins, G. F. K. (2000) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200050011277 · Cited by 424

Cellular mechanisms of nicotine addiction

Dani, J. A., & De Biasi, M. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00652-9 · Cited by 408

Neurobiology of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome

Kenny, P. J., & Markou, A. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00651-7 · Cited by 310

Insular hypocretin transmission regulates nicotine reward

Hollander, J. A., Lu, Q., Cameron, M. D., Kamenecka, T. M., & Kenny, P. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808023105 · Cited by 296

Bupropion enhances brain reward function and reverses the affective and somatic aspects of nicotine withdrawal in the rat

Cryan, J. F., Bruijnzeel, A. W., Skjei, K. L., & Markou, A. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1445-7 · Cited by 223

Differential Role of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits in Physical and Affective Nicotine Withdrawal Signs

Jackson, K. J., Martin, B. R., Changeux, J. P., & Damaj, M. I. (2008) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.107.132977 · Cited by 208

Nicotinic cholinergic synaptic mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area contribute to nicotine addiction

Pidoplichko, V. I., Noguchi, J., Areola, O. O., Liang, Y., Peterson, J., Zhang, T., & Dani, J. A. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.70004 · Cited by 196

Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins

LESSOV, C. N., MARTIN, N. G., STATHAM, D. J., TODOROV, A. A., SLUTSKE, W. S., BUCHOLZ, K. K., HEATH, A. C., & MADDEN, P. A. F. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001582 · Cited by 185

Abuse Liability Assessment of Tobacco Products Including Potential Reduced Exposure Products

Carter, L. P., Stitzer, M. L., Henningfield, J. E., O'Connor, R. J., Cummings, K. M., & Hatsukami, D. K. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0948 · Cited by 186

Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse

Korpi, E. R., den Hollander, B., Farooq, U., Vashchinkina, E., Rajkumar, R., Nutt, D. J., Hyytiä, P., & Dawe, G. S. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.010967 · Cited by 148

Neurobiological mechanisms involved in nicotine dependence and reward: participation of the endogenous opioid system

Berrendero, F., Robledo, P., Trigo, J. M., Martín-García, E., & Maldonado, R. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.006 · Cited by 140

Role of the dopamine transporter in the action of psychostimulants, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse

Zhu, J., & Reith, M. (2008) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152708786927877 · Cited by 140

Smoking Patterns and Stimulus Control in Intermittent and Daily Smokers

Shiffman, S., Dunbar, M. S., Li, X., Scholl, S. M., Tindle, H. A., Anderson, S. J., & Ferguson, S. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089911 · Cited by 136

Subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nicotine reward, dependence, and withdrawal: evidence from genetically modified mice

Fowler, C. D., Arends, M. A., & Kenny, P. J. (2008) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32830c360e · Cited by 131

Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes

Duncan, A., Heyer, M. P., Ishikawa, M., Caligiuri, S. P. B., Liu, X.-A., Chen, Z., Micioni Di Bonaventura, M. V., Elayouby, K. S., Ables, J. L., Howe, W. M., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1653-x · Cited by 119

Common aspects of the action of nicotine and other drugs of abuse

Picciotto, M. R. (1998) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00074-x · Cited by 117

Acquisition of nicotine self-administration in adolescent rats given prolonged access to the drug

Chen, H., Matta, S. G., & Sharp, B. M. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301135 · Cited by 112

Conditioned nicotine withdrawal profoundly decreases the activity of brain reward systems

Kenny, P. J., & Markou, A. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4785-04.2005 · Cited by 107

Multigenerational and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to drugs of abuse on behavioral and neural function

Goldberg, L. R., & Gould, T. J. (2019) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14060 · Cited by 88

Nicotine and endogenous opioids: neurochemical and pharmacological evidence

Hadjiconstantinou, M., & Neff, N. H. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.010 · Cited by 81

Reduced nicotine reward in obesity: cross-comparison in human and mouse

Blendy, J. A., Strasser, A., Walters, C. L., Perkins, K. A., Patterson, F., Berkowitz, R., & Lerman, C. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2167-9 · Cited by 81

Does in utero exposure to heavy maternal smoking induce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in neonates?

Godding, V., Bonnier, C., Fiasse, L., Michel, M., Longueville, E., Lebecque, P., Robert, A., & Galanti, L. (2004) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000112099.88740.4e · Cited by 71

Genetic dissociation of two behaviors associated with nicotine addiction: Beta-2 containing nicotinic receptors are involved in nicotine reinforcement but not in withdrawal syndrome

Besson, M., David, V., Suarez, S., Cormier, A., Cazala, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Granon, S. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0418-z · Cited by 73

Tobacco dependence, the insular cortex and the hypocretin connection

Kenny, P. J. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.015 · Cited by 69

Tobacco use in bipolar disorder

Thomson, D., Berk, M., Dodd, S., Rapado-Castro, M., Quirk, S. E., Ellegaard, P. K., Berk, L., & Dean, O. M. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.1 · Cited by 63

Addiction‐related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure

Wills, L., & Kenny, P. J. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15356 · Cited by 61

Hippocampal nAChRs mediate nicotine withdrawal-related learning deficits

Davis, J. A., & Gould, T. J. (2009) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.02.003 · Cited by 60

Cortico-thalamic connectivity is vulnerable to nicotine exposure during early postnatal development through α4/β2/α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Heath, C. J., King, S. L., Gotti, C., Marks, M. J., & Picciotto, M. R. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.130 · Cited by 59

Chronic nicotine administration in the drinking water affects the striatal dopamine in mice

Pietilä, K., & Ahtee, L. (2000) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00235-5 · Cited by 50

Effects of nicotine dependence on diurnal variations of subjective activation and mood

Adan, A., Prat, G., & Sánchez‐Turet, M. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00908.x · Cited by 49

Role of α7- and β4-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Affective and Somatic Aspects of Nicotine Withdrawal: Studies in Knockout Mice

Stoker, A. K., Olivier, B., & Markou, A. (2012) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9511-0 · Cited by 40

Nicotinic alteration of decision-making

Naudé, J., Dongelmans, M., & Faure, P. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.021 · Cited by 39

Self-administration of nicotine and cigarette smoke extract in adolescent and adult rats

Gellner, C. A., Belluzzi, J. D., & Leslie, F. M. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.06.026 · Cited by 35

Neuropeptide systems and new treatments for nicotine addiction

Bruijnzeel, A. W. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4513-5 · Cited by 36

Determination of methylated cpG sites in the promoter region of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and their involvement in the etiology of tobacco smoking

Xu, Q. (2010) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00016 · Cited by 32

Route of nicotine administration influences in vivo dopamine neuron activity: habituation, needle injection, and cannula infusion

Dong, Y., Zhang, T., Li, W., Doyon, W., & Dani, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-009-9231-6 · Cited by 23