Eicosapentaenoic acid is primarily responsible for hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in humans
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or both, were responsible for the triglyceride (TG)‐lowering effects of fish oil. EPA (91% pure) and DHA (83% pure), a fish oil concentrate (FOC; 41% EPA and 23% DHA) and an olive oil (OO) placebo (all ethyl esters) were tested. A total of 49 normolipidemic subjects participated. Each subject was given placebo for 2–3 wk and one of the n‐3 supplements for 3 wk in randomized, blinded trials. The target n‐3 fatty acid (FA) intake was 3 g/day in all studies. Blood samples were drawn twice at the end of each supplementation phase and analyzed for lipids, lipoproteins, and phospholipid FA composition. In all groups, the phospholipid FA composition changed to reflect the n‐3 FA given. On DHA supplementation, EPA levels increased to a small but significant extent, suggesting that some retroconversion may have occurred. EPA supplementation did not raise DHA levels, however, FOC and EPA produced significant decreases in both TG and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (C) levels (P<0.01) and increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (P<0.05). DHA supplementation did not affect cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, or high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, but it did cause a significant increase in the HDL 2/HDL 3 cholesterol ratio. We conclude that EPA appears to be primarily responsible for TG‐lowering (and LDL‐C raising) effects of fish oil.
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In humans, dietary DHA is retroconverted to EPA.
“In humans, dietary DHA is retroconverted to EPA”
Production of DHA from EPA is not observed in humans.
“while production of DHA from EPA is not observed.”
One study showed no effect of DHA, but EPA treatment decreased TG levels and increased LDL-C levels in normolipidemic individuals.
“In contrast, one study showed no effect of DHA, but EPA treatment decreased TG levels and increased LDL-C levels in normolipidemic individuals [20].”
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- Authors
- Rambjør, G. S., W»len, A. I., Windsor, S. L., & Harris, W. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Lipids
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1Part1
- Pages
- S45-9
- ISSN
- 0024-4201 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-9307
- OpenAlex
- W2020891337
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 10.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lipids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, fish oil, triglyceride lowering, omega-3 fatty acids, olive oil, phospholipid fatty acid composition, retroconversion, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL2/HDL3 ratio, lipoproteins, dietary supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Fatty Acids, Female, Fish Oils, Humans, Male, Patient Compliance, Phospholipids, Triglycerides, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies
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