Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects.
Open accessAbstract
RATIONALE: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other serotonergic hallucinogens can induce profound alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences, with reportedly long-lasting effects on subjective well-being and personality. METHODS: We investigated the lasting effects of a single dose of LSD (200 μg) that was administered in a laboratory setting in 16 healthy participants. The following outcome measures were assessed before and 1 and 12 months after LSD administration: Persisting Effects Questionnaire (PEQ), Mysticism Scale (MS), Death Transcendence Scale (DTS), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: On the PEQ, positive attitudes about life and/or self, positive mood changes, altruistic/positive social effects, positive behavioral changes, and well-being/life satisfaction significantly increased at 1 and 12 months and were subjectively attributed by the subjects to the LSD experience. Five-Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) total scores, reflecting acutely induced alterations in consciousness, and Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) total scores correlated with changes in well-being/life satisfaction 12 months after LSD administration. No changes in negative attitudes, negative mood, antisocial/negative social effects, or negative behavior were attributed to the LSD experience. After 12 months, 10 of 14 participants rated their LSD experience as among the top 10 most meaningful experiences in their lives. Five participants rated the LSD experience among the five most spiritually meaningful experiences in their lives. On the MS and DTS, ratings of mystical experiences significantly increased 1 and 12 months after LSD administration compared with the pre-LSD screening. No relevant changes in personality measures were found. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy research subjects, the administration of a single dose of LSD (200 μg) in a safe setting was subjectively considered a personally meaningful experience that had long-lasting subjective positive effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registration identification number: NCT01878942.
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Another study reported no changes in trait anxiety 1 and 12 months after LSD.
“another study reporting no changes in trait anxiety 1 and 12 months after LSD (25).”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
For psychedelics, persisting effects on personality or wellbeing can be found up to 12 months after a single dose administration.
“For psychedelics, persisting effects on personality or wellbeing can be found up to 12 months after a single dose administration (25)”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Prior research found that the PEQ is sensitive to the prolonged effects of psychedelics, occurring even a 1 year after the ingestion.
“Prior research found that PEQ is sensitive to the prolonged effects of psychedelics, occurring even a 1 year after the ingestion (25).”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-reported increases in positive/altruistic social effects were shown 12 months after the administration of LSD in healthy participants.
“Self-reported increases in positive/altruistic social effects were also shown 12 months after the administration of LSD in healthy participants (93).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
The personality trait openness was not influenced by LSD administration in this study.
“However, the personality trait openness was not influenced by LSD administration in this study (93).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
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BackgroundHow do serotonergic psychedelics treat depression: The potential role of neuroplasticity
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“Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest regarding the therapeutic potential of these substances, including psilocybin, ayahuasca, and LSD, in treating an array of different mental health disorders (10–14).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
- Authors
- Schmid, Y., & Liechti, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Liechti, Matthias E.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2017-09-16
- Volume
- 235
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 535-545
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC5813062
- OpenAlex
- W2756069429
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 16.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (320030_1449493 and 320030_170249)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, hallucinogens, mystical experience, well-being, life satisfaction, altered states of consciousness, personality change, spirituality, meaningful experiences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Attitude, Consciousness, Double-Blind Method, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Male, Middle Aged, Mysticism, Personality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Cross-Over Studies, Healthy Volunteers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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