Effects of nicotine and mecamylamine-induced withdrawal on extracellular dopamine and acetylcholine in the rat nucleus accumbens
Abstract
Rationale Prior research suggests that high levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are associated with aversive states such as morphine withdrawal, but this has not been tested for nicotine withdrawal.Objectives The goal was to test the hypothesis that acute nicotine decreases extracellular ACh and increases extracellular dopamine (DA) in the NAc, while withdrawal from nicotine causes an opposite neurochemical imbalance with high extracellular ACh and low DA.Methods Rats were prepared with a microdialysis probe in the NAc (primarily the shell region). They received one injection of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or chronic nicotine (9 mg/kg per day via osmotic minipump).Results Naive animals receiving acute nicotine showed a mild, significant increase in both ACh (122% of baseline) and DA (124%). After chronic nicotine administration for 7 days, the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) precipitated withdrawal with the appearance of somatic signs (teeth chattering and shakes/tremors) and a significant increase in extracellular ACh to 125% of baseline, while extracellular DA decreased to 65%. Control groups receiving saline in place of nicotine or mecamylamine did not show these effects.Conclusions Earlier work suggests that the observed release of accumbens ACh and DA in response to acute nicotine administration may be a factor in nicotine-induced suppression of appetite. ACh release during withdrawal, coupled with the decrease in extracellular DA may play a role in the aversive aspects of nicotine withdrawal that contribute to dependency.
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Dopaminergic deficits in the mesolimbic pathway, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, are among the neurochemical mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
“Dopaminergic deficits in the mesolimbic pathway, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, are among the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal (Hildebrand et al. 1998; Carboni et al. 2000; Rada et al. 2001).”
From Nicotine Withdrawal (2015) · cites this paper as Rada et al. 2001
Acute withdrawal from major drugs of abuse including nicotine decreases mesolimbic DAergic activity.
“Acute withdrawal from all major drugs of abuse, including nicotine, decreases activity of the mesolimbic DAergic system, [135–139]”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [136]
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- Authors
- Rada, P., Jensen, K., & Hoebel, B.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2001-08-01
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 105-110
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W1995757367
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- nicotine withdrawal, mecamylamine, nicotine, acetylcholine, dopamine, nucleus accumbens, chronic nicotine administration, aversive effects, nicotine dependence, appetite suppression, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Dopamine, Male, Mecamylamine, Nicotine, Nucleus Accumbens, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Rats, Wistar, Microdialysis, Rats
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