Ingestion of Microplastics by Zooplankton in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Abstract
Microplastics are increasingly recognized as being widespread in the world's oceans, but relatively little is known about ingestion by marine biota. In light of the potential for microplastic fibers and fragments to be taken up by small marine organisms, we examined plastic ingestion by two foundation species near the base of North Pacific marine food webs, the calanoid copepod Neocalanus cristatus and the euphausiid Euphausia pacifia. We developed an acid digestion method to assess plastic ingestion by individual zooplankton and detected microplastics in both species. Encounter rates resulting from ingestion were 1 particle/every 34 copepods and 1/every 17 euphausiids (euphausiids > copepods; p = 0.01). Consistent with differences in the size selection of food between these two zooplankton species, the ingested particle size was greater in euphausiids (816 ± 108 μm) than in copepods (556 ± 149 μm) (p = 0.014). The contribution of ingested microplastic fibres to total plastic decreased with distance from shore in euphausiids (r (2) = 70, p = 0.003), corresponding to patterns in our previous observations of microplastics in seawater samples from the same locations. This first evidence of microplastic ingestion by marine zooplankton indicate that species at lower trophic levels of the marine food web are mistaking plastic for food, which raises fundamental questions about potential risks to higher trophic level species. One concern is risk to salmon: We estimate that consumption of microplastic-containing zooplankton will lead to the ingestion of 2-7 microplastic particles/day by individual juvenile salmon in coastal British Columbia, and ≤91 microplastic particles/day in returning adults.
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PMD is ingested by several marine organisms, including commercially important species.
“PMD is also ingested by several marine organisms, including commercially important species.18,19,[87][88][89][90]”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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BackgroundMicroplastic ingestion in marine mesozooplankton species associated with functional feeding traits
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- Authors
- Desforges, J.-P. W., Galbraith, M., & Ross, P. S.
- Affiliations
- Vancouver Aquarium (CA)
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ross, Peter S.
- Venue
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
- Published
- 2015-06-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 320-330
- ISSN
- 0090-4341 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0703
- OpenAlex
- W654095711
- Cited by
- 1,019
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 132 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 31.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
- Keywords
- microplastics, Neocalanus cristatus, copepods, krill, particle size selection, food choice, marine food webs, trophic transfer, juvenile salmon, Northeast Pacific, British Columbia coast
- MeSH terms
- Animals, British Columbia, Environmental Monitoring, Pacific Ocean, Plastics, Seawater, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zooplankton, Food Chain, Copepoda, Biota, Aquatic Organisms
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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