Fate of Microplastics in the Marine Isopod Idotea emarginata
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an emerging global threat for marine wildlife. Many species of birds, reptiles, and fishes are directly impaired by plastics as they can get entangled in ropes and drown or they can ingest plastic fragments which, in turn, may clog their stomachs and guts. Microplastics of less than 1 mm can be ingested by small invertebrates, but their fate in the digestive organs and their effects on the animals are yet not well understood. We embedded fluorescent microplastics in artificial agarose-based food and offered the food to marine isopods, Idotea emarginata. The isopods did not distinguish between food with and food without microplastics. Upon ingestion, the microplastics were present in the stomach and in the gut but not in the tubules of the midgut gland which is the principal organ of enzyme-secretion and nutrient resorption. The feces contained the same concentration of microplastics as the food which indicates that no accumulation of microplastics happens during the gut passage. Long-term bioassays of 6 weeks showed no distinct effects of continuous microplastic consumption on mortality, growth, and intermolt duration. I. emarginata are able to prevent intrusion of particles even smaller than 1 μm into the midgut gland which is facilitated by the complex structure of the stomach including a fine filter system. It separates the midgut gland tubules from the stomach and allows only the passage of fluids and chyme. Our results indicate that microplastics, as administered in the experiments, do not clog the digestive organs of isopods and do not have adverse effects on their life history parameters.
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Microplastic uptake had no effect on the marine isopod Idotea emarginata, but it caused weight loss and lower feeding activity in the marine lugworm Arenicola marina.
“Microplastic uptake did not cause any effects on the marine isopod Idotea emarginata(16) but did cause weight loss and a reduced feeding activity for the marine lugworm Arenicola marina.17−19”
From Microplastic Effect Thresholds for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The Discussion (p. 4) reports no distinct adverse effects on the isopods’ survival, intermolt duration, or growth. But the Discussion (p. 6) also reports reduced uptake of food supplemented with microplastics, so “did not cause any effects” is too absolute. The lugworm finding is attached to citations 17–19, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNo growth effects were found for the marine isopod I. emarginata exposed to PE, PS, and PA microplastics in water.
“No effects were found on growth for the marine isopod I. emarginata exposed to PE, PS, and PA microplastics in water,16”
From Microplastic Effect Thresholds for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The Discussion (p. 4) reports no distinct adverse effect on growth, and the Materials and Methods (p. 2) describe food containing PE fragments; the Introduction (p. 2) identifies PS particles and polyacrylic fibers. But the isopods ingested microplastics embedded in artificial food, rather than being exposed to microplastics dispersed in water. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Hämer, J., Gutow, L., Köhler, A., & Saborowski, R.
- Affiliations
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Saborowski, Reinhard
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-11-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 13451-13458
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2321250239
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 12.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- microplastics, marine isopods, plastic ingestion, hepatopancreas, gastrointestinal tract, fecal excretion, plastic pollution, life history, mortality, growth
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Digestive System, Feces, Gastrointestinal Contents, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Isopoda
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