Uptake and Effects of Microplastics on Cells and Tissue of the Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis L. after an Experimental Exposure
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In this study, we investigated if industrial high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles, a model microplastic free of additives, ranging > 0-80 μm are ingested and taken up into the cells and tissue of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. The effects of exposure (up to 96 h) and plastic ingestion were observed at the cellular and subcellular level. Microplastic uptake into the gills and digestive gland was analyzed by a new method using polarized light microscopy. Mussel health status was investigated incorporating histological assessment and cytochemical biomarkers of toxic effects and early warning. In addition to being drawn into the gills, HDPE particles were taken up into the stomach and transported into the digestive gland where they accumulated in the lysosomal system after 3 h of exposure. Our results show notable histological changes upon uptake and a strong inflammatory response demonstrated by the formation of granulocytomas after 6 h and lysosomal membrane destabilization, which significantly increased with longer exposure times. We provide proof of principle that microplastics are taken up into cells and cause significant effects on the tissue and cellular level, which can be assessed with standard cytochemical biomarkers and polarized light microscopy for microplastic tracking in tissue.
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The increase in energy consumption is probably associated with an effort to digest inert material and maintain physiological homeostasis.
“probably associated with an effort to digest inert material and maintain physiological homeostasis (von Moos et al., 2012).”
From Studies of the Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Organisms: What Do We Know and Where Should We Focus Our Efforts in the Future? (2018) · cites this paper as von Moos et al., 2012
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- Authors
- von Moos, N., Burkhardt-Holm, P., & Köhler, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland and Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Basel, Programme Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Köhler, Angela
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-09-27
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 11327-11335
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2080154049
- Cited by
- 1,697
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 188 · 2022: 214 · 2021: 211 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 157 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15
- FWCI
- 20.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- microplastics, high-density polyethylene, Mytilus edulis, microplastic ingestion, gill, digestive gland, lysosomes, lysosomal membrane destabilization, inflammation, polarized light microscopy, marine bivalves
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Exposure, Gills, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers, Polyethylene, Mytilus edulis
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