Cited by 2,132Algal biology and biofuel productionSeaweed-derived Bioactive CompoundsMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction

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Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae

Pulz, Otto, Gross, Wolfgang·2004·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

DOI 10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x

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Abstract

The biotechnology of microalgae has gained considerable importance in recent decades. Applications range from simple biomass production for food and feed to valuable products for ecological applications. For most of these applications, the market is still developing and the biotechnological use of microalgae will extend into new areas. Considering the enormous biodiversity of microalgae and recent developments in genetic engineering, this group of organisms represents one of the most promising sources for new products and applications. With the development of sophisticated culture and screening techniques, microalgal biotechnology can already meet the high demands of both the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Background
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Background
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Background
Kinetic and growth parameters of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivated in tubular photobioreactor under different cell circulation systems
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Background
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Mendes, R. L. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420006513.ch6 · Cited by 22
Biotechnology Carbon Capture and Storage by Microalgae to Enhance CO2 Removal Efficiency in Closed-System Photobioreactor
Rinanti, A. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/62915 · Cited by 23
“Researchers have [54] underlined the importance of biomass productivity to assess economic feasibility of algal culture, while [55] reported the necessity of attaining biomass productivity in line with production of unsaturated fatty acids in algal culture.”
Background
Single-Cell Protein as a Source of Biologically Active Ingredients for the Formulation of Antiobesity Foods
Patias, L. D., Maroneze, M. M., Siqueira, S., de Menezes, C. R., Zepka, L. Q., & Lopes, E. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811446-9.00011-3 · Cited by 22
Development of Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 cultivation using salt-rich waste feedstock for docosahexaenoic acid production and application of natural colourant in food product
Leong, H. Y., Su, C.-A., Lee, B.-S., Lan, J. C., Law, C. L., Chang, J., & Show, P. L. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.093 · Cited by 22
Microalgae: Cultivation, Biotechnological, Environmental, and Agricultural Applications
Andrade, D. S., Amaral, H. F., Gavilanes, F. Z., Morioka, L. R. I., Nassar, J. M., de Melo, J. M., da Silva, H. R., & Telles, T. S. (2021) · Environmental and microbial biotechnology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8999-7_23 · Cited by 24
Gene transfer into conchospores of Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by glass bead agitation
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“Porphyra, which is farmed seaweed in Asia, currently provides a yearly turnover of about 1 3 109 US dollars (Pulz & Gross 2004).”
Background
Constraints to large scale algae biomass production and utilization
Ndukwe, G. I., & Mustapha, K. (2012) · Cited by 22
Isolation and Evaluation of Microalgae from Mangrove Area in South Coast of Saopaulo (Brazil) for Lipid Production
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“…are also highlighted for the number of bioactive compounds (fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, proteins, etc.) that could be provided by its biomass to be used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries (Olaizola 2003; Pulz and Gross 2004; Gouveia et al., 2009; Matos et al., 2017).”
Background
The versatility of algae in addressing the global sustainability challenges
Das, B. D., & Bhattarai, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1621817 · Cited by 28
Importance of algae as a potential source of biofuel.
Singh, A. K., & Singh, M. P. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Critical factors in energy generation from microalgae
Naraharisetti, P. K., Das, P., & Sharratt, P. (2016) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.117 · Cited by 20
Separation of Chlorella biomass from culture medium by flocculation with rice starch
Choy, S. Y., Prasad, K. N., Wu, T. Y., Raghunandan, M. E., Phang, S., Juan, J. C., & Ramanan, R. N. (2018) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.012 · Cited by 21
Divergent metabolic and transcriptomic responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to salt stress after adaptive laboratory evolution
Hu, L., He, J., Dong, M., Tang, X. Y., Jiang, P., Lei, A., & Wang, J. (2020) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.101856 · Cited by 21
Biochemical and Thermal Analysis of Spirulina Biomass through FTIR, TGA, CHN
Soni, R. A., Sudhakar, K., & Rana, R. S. (2021) · Energy Engineering · doi:10.32604/ee.2021.016082 · Cited by 21
Reuse of sea water reverse osmosis brine to produce Dunaliella salina based β-carotene as a valuable bioproduct: A circular bioeconomy perspective
Yildirim, O., Tunay, D., & Özkaya, B. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114024 · Cited by 22
A new photobioreactor concept enabling the production of desiccation induced biotechnological products using terrestrial cyanobacteria
Kuhne, S., Strieth, D., Lakatos, M., Muffler, K., & Ulber, R. (2014) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.002 · Cited by 22
Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core–shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds
Desmet, J., Meunier, C., Danloy, E., Duprez, M.-E., Lox, F., Thomas, D., Hantson, A., Crine, M., Toye, D., Rooke, J. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.091 · Cited by 21
Exploration of using the algal bioactive compounds for cosmeceuticals and pharmaceutical applications
El-Enin, S. A. A., Basily, H., Nassar, M., & Diwani, G. E. (2018) · Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.4103/epj.epj_6_18 · Cited by 21
The Future of Feed: Integrating Technologies to Decouple Feed Production from Environmental Impacts
Tzachor, A. (2019) · Industrial Biotechnology · doi:10.1089/ind.2019.29162.atz · Cited by 21
Molecular characterization of microalgae used in aquaculture with biotechnology potential
Alonso, M., Lago, F. C., Vieites, J. M., & Espiñeira, M. (2012) · Aquaculture International · doi:10.1007/s10499-012-9506-8 · Cited by 21
“These can be produced industrially (Pulz and Gross 2004; Spolaore et al. 2006) or to small scale in batches or in continuous in hatchery installations (Jorquera et al.”
Background
An informatics-based analysis of developments to date and prospects for the application of microalgae in the biological sequestration of industrial flue gas
Zhu, X., Rong, J., Hui, C., He, C., Wen-sheng, H., & Wang, Q. (2016) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-015-7277-7 · Cited by 22
“NOx”
Algal Biofilm Systems: An Answer to Algal Biofuel Dilemma
Choudhary, P., Malik, A., & Pant, K. K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_4 · Cited by 21
Microalgal Consortia for Waste Treatment and Valuable Bioproducts
Zhu, S., Higa, L., Barela, A., Lee, C., Chen, Y., & Du, Z. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16020884 · Cited by 22
“Moreover, microalgal metabolites are of huge biotechnological potential and are often used for various natural and sustainable pharmaceutical products [174,175].”
Design and validation of a parallelized micro‐photobioreactor enabling phototrophic bioprocess development at elevated throughput
Morschett, H., Schiprowski, D., Müller, C., Mertens, K., Felden, P., Meyer, J., Wiechert, W., & Oldiges, M. (2017) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.26051 · Cited by 19
“, 2010) via food and feed additives or functional food (Pulz and Gross, 2004) to pharmaceuticals (Borowitzka, 1995; Cardozo et al.”
Background
Self-adaptation of tolerant microalgae-bacterial consortia in landfill leachate: Simultaneous achievement of efficient nitrogen removal and value-added utilization
Geng, Y., Lian, C., Yang, L., Pavlostathis, S. G., Qiu, Z. G., Qiao, X., Xiong, Z., Dong, N., Hu, J., Luo, X., et al. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.158912 · Cited by 20
Diversity of Bioactive Compounds in Microalgae: Key Classes and Functional Applications
Osathanunkul, M., Thanaporn, S., Karapetsi, L., Nteve, G., Pratsinakis, E. D., Stefanidou, E., Lagiotis, G., Avramidou, E., Zorxzobokou, L., Tsintzou, G. P., et al. (2025) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md23060222 · Cited by 27
“The biomass production of microalgae is an emerging field with significant potential for various industrial applications [9,10].”
Solvent Extraction of Fucoxanthin fromPhaeodactylum tricornutum
Kim, J. C. (2013) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2013.839703 · Cited by 22
Indoor and outdoor cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and its application in wastewater treatment in a tropical city—Bangkok, Thailand
Sarker, N. K., & Salam, P. A. (2019) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-019-1704-9 · Cited by 24
Light-emitting diodes—a plus on microalgae biomass and high-value metabolite production
Amaro, H. M., Pagels, F., Azevedo, I. C., Azevedo, J., Pinto, I. S., Malcata, F. X., & Guedes, A. C. (2020) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02212-2 · Cited by 20
“…on the increase of antioxidant capacity compounds production, particularly carotenoids and fatty acids, for nutraceutical purposes, by a microalgae species known to produce large amounts of these compounds, S. obliquus strain M2-1 (Pulz and Gross 2004; Mazza et al. 2007; Guedes et al. 2011b, c, d).”
Background
Efficiency of different microalgae as monospecific and bispecific diets in larval rearing of Penaeus indicus with special reference to growth, nutrient composition and antimicrobial activity of microalgae
Sandeep, K. P., Avunje, S., Dayal, J. S., Balasubramanian, C. P., Sawant, P. B., Chadha, N. K., Ambasankar, K., & Vijayan, K. K. (2021) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.15382 · Cited by 20
Algal Biorefinery: Sustainable Production of Biofuels and Aquaculture Feed?
Ahmed, F., Li, Y., & Schenk, P. M. (2012) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5110-1_2 · Cited by 20
Formulation of inks for 3D printing of microalgae-based meat analogues and the role of modified starch: a review
Mirzapour‐Kouhdasht, A., Biparva, P., McClements, D. J., Garavand, F., & García‐Vaquero, M. (2024) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.17080 · Cited by 21
The commercial potential of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a nitrogen-fixing edible cyanobacterium
Scoglio, G. D., Jackson, H. O., & Purton, S. (2024) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-024-03214-0 · Cited by 23
“Nevertheless, the global Klamath AFA market has remained fixed at around £100 millon and has not been able to expand since the early 2000s, unlike that of Spirulina and Chlorella (Carmichael et al. 2000; Pulz and Gross 2004; Grewe and Pulz 2012).”
Waste-water treatment coupled with biodiesel production using microalgae: a bio-refinery approach.
Gill, S. S., Mehmood, M. A., Rashid, U., Ibrahim, M., Saqib, A., & Tabassum, M. R. (2013) · Cited by 20
Rapid identification of osmolytes in tropical microalgae and cyanobacteria by 1H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy
Obando, C. Z., Linossier, I., Kervarec, N., Zubia, M., Turquet, J., Faÿ, F., & Vallée‐Rehel, K. (2016) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.024 · Cited by 20
Optimization of growth requirements of marine diatomChaetoceros muelleriusing Response Surface Methodology
Kumaran, J., Jose, B., Joseph, V., & Singh, I. S. B. (2016) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.12987 · Cited by 19
Enhancement of Chlorella vulgaris cell density: Shake flask and bench-top photobioreactor studies to identify and control limiting factors
Yuvraj, Y., Vidyarthi, A. S., & Singh, J. (2016) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-016-0087-5 · Cited by 20
Environmental Applications, Food and Biomass Processing by Pulsed Electric Fields
Frey, W., Gusbeth, C., Sakugawa, T., Sack, M., Mueller, G., Sigler, J., Vorobiev, E., Lebovka, N., Álvarez, I., Raso, J., et al. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-56095-1_6 · Cited by 21
Biological systems for CCS: Patent review as a criterion for technological development
Míguez, J. L., Porteiro, J., Pérez-Orozco, R., Patiño, D., & Gómez, M. A. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114032 · Cited by 21
Integrated algal and oil palm biorefinery as a model system for bioenergy co-generation with bioproducts and biopharmaceuticals
Abdullah, M. A., & Hussein, H. A. (2021) · Bioresources and Bioprocessing · doi:10.1186/s40643-021-00396-0 · Cited by 19
“The annual production of microalgae is 5000 tonnes dry matter per year with the global turnover of around US$1.25 × 109 per year, while the macroalgal production is 7.5 × 106 tonnes dry matter per year with 4.8-fold higher global market than the microalgae (Pulz and Gross 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential
Marine microalgal culturing in open pond systems for biodiesel production—Critical parameters
Sreekumar, N., Giri Nandagopal, M. S., Vasudevan, A., Antony, R., & Selvaraju, N. (2016) · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1063/1.4945574 · Cited by 21

Authors: Pulz, O., & Gross, W.
Affiliations: Institut für Getreideverarbeitung (Germany) (DE)
Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author: Pulz, Otto
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-08-06
Volume: 65
Issue: 6
Pages: 635-648
ISSN: 0175-7598 (ISSN-L)
1432-0614
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x
OpenAlex: W2044809902
Cited by: 2,132
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 150 · 2020: 169 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 124 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 134 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 152 · 2013: 132 · 2012: 107
FWCI: 2.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Keywords: microalgae, microalgal biotechnology, microalgal biomass, food and feed, genetic engineering of microalgae, pharmaceutical applications, ecological applications, screening method
MeSH terms: Biotechnology, Drug Industry, Food Industry, Eukaryota

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