Cited by 2,132Algal biology and biofuel productionSeaweed-derived Bioactive CompoundsMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction

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Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae

Pulz, Otto, Gross, Wolfgang·2004·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

DOI 10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x

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Abstract

The biotechnology of microalgae has gained considerable importance in recent decades. Applications range from simple biomass production for food and feed to valuable products for ecological applications. For most of these applications, the market is still developing and the biotechnological use of microalgae will extend into new areas. Considering the enormous biodiversity of microalgae and recent developments in genetic engineering, this group of organisms represents one of the most promising sources for new products and applications. With the development of sophisticated culture and screening techniques, microalgal biotechnology can already meet the high demands of both the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Eilertsen, H. C., Eriksen, G. K., Bergum, J.-S., Strømholt, J., Elvevoll, E., Eilertsen, K.-E., Heimstad, E. S., Giæver, I. H., Israelsen, L., Svenning, J. B., et al. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12063082 · Cited by 35
Algal Biofuels: An Economic and Effective Alternative of Fossil Fuels
Bhardwaj, N., Agrawal, K., & Verma, P. (2020) · Clean Energy Production Technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7190-9_7 · Cited by 36
Effect of mixed microalgal diets on growth and polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of European oyster (Ostrea edulis) juveniles
Ronquillo, J. D., Fraser, J., & McConkey, A.-J. (2012) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.018 · Cited by 36
Harvesting of Microalgae for Biomass Production
Roselet, F., Vandamme, D., Muylaert, K., & Abreu, P. C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2264-8_10 · Cited by 36
Alkaliphiles: The Versatile Tools in Biotechnology
Mamo, G., & Mattìasson, B. (2020) · Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology · doi:10.1007/10_2020_126 · Cited by 37
Scalable Cultivation of Engineered Cyanobacteria for Squalene Production from Industrial Flue Gas in a Closed Photobioreactor
Choi, S. Y., Sim, S. J., Ko, S. C., Son, J., Lee, J. S., Lee, H. J., Chang, W.-S., & Woo, H. M. (2020) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03133 · Cited by 36
Simultaneous knockout of multiple LHCF genes using single sgRNAs and engineering of a high‐fidelity Cas9 for precise genome editing in marine algae
Sharma, A. K., Nymark, M., Flo, S., Sparstad, T., Bones, A. M., & Winge, P. (2021) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/pbi.13582 · Cited by 36
“…of biofuels, fish feeds, biopharmaceuticals, antioxidants, foods, and several therapeutic supplements, yet they have only been commercially utilized to a lesser extent due to high production cost (Priyadarshani and Rath, 2012; Pulz and Gross, 2004; Rotter et al., 2021; Wang and Seibert, 2017).”
Background
Determination of ash content and concomitant acquisition of cell compositions in microalgae via thermogravimetric (TG) analysis
Liu, J., Pan, Y., Yao, C., Wang, H., Cao, X., & Xue, S. (2015) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.018 · Cited by 36
An α-glucan isolated as a co-product of biofuel by hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella sorokiniana biomass
Chakraborty, M., McDonald, A. G., Nindo, C., & Chen, S. (2013) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2013.04.005 · Cited by 37
MICROALGAL BIOTRANSFORMATION OF STEROIDS1
Faramarzi, M. A., Adrangi, S., & Yazdi, M. T. (2008) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00446.x · Cited by 36
“This becomes apparent when one considers that from approximately 200,000 species believed to exist, only 50–100 had been studied for biotechnological purposes until recently (Pulz et al. 2001).”
BackgroundInfluential
Growth and photosynthetic utilization of inorganic carbon of the microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila isolated from Tinto river
Cuaresma, M., Garbayo, I., Vega, J. M., & Vı́lchez, C. (2006) · Enzyme and Microbial Technology · doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.049 · Cited by 36
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of marine microalga Chlorella marina (Butcher, 1952)
Manivannan, K. K., Anantharaman, P., & Balasubramanian, T. (2012) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60185-3 · Cited by 36
Model‐supported optimization of phototrophic growth in a stirred‐tank photobioreactor
Franco‐Lara, E., Havel, J., Peterat, F., & Weuster‐Botz, D. (2006) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.21086 · Cited by 36
“US $ 1.25 109/year (Pulz and Gross, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential
Spirulina platensis: A comprehensive review of its nutritional value, antioxidant activity and functional food potential
Sahil, S., Bodh, S., & Verma, P. (2024) · Journal of Cellular Biotechnology · doi:10.3233/jcb-240151 · Cited by 42
“Notably, the United Nations’ global food conference ofﬁcially designated Spirulina as a top contender for future sustenance, contributing to its increasing popularity in contemporary times [6].”
Functional Foods Enriched with Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis oculata as a Source of ω-3 Fatty Acids
Srinivasan, B., Krishnan, K. R., Babu, P. A. S., Sivarajan, M., & Sukumar, M. (2014) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 35
Food and Feed Applications of Algae
Packer, M. A., Harris, G. C., & Adams, S. L. (2016) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12334-9_12 · Cited by 35
Algae as a promising resource for biofuel industry: facts and challenges
Köse, A., & Öncel, S. Ş. (2016) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.3699 · Cited by 35
“Microalgae are single celled (some species can also form colonies) photosynthetic organisms living in aquatic environments [44].”
Microalgal pigment induction and transfer in aquaculture
Pérez‐Legaspi, I. A., Valadez-Rocha, V., Ortega‐Clemente, L. A., & Jiménez‐García, M. I. (2019) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12384 · Cited by 35
Scale-up of photo-bioreactors for microalgae cultivation by π-theorem
Paladino, O., & Neviani, M. (2019) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2019.107398 · Cited by 35
Heterotrophic Microalgae
Klamczynska, B., & Mooney, W. D. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802778-3.00020-2 · Cited by 35
Biodiesel from microalgae lipids: from inorganic carbon to energy production
Marc, V., Giroir‐Fendler, A., Faucheux, N., & Heitz, M. (2017) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2017.1289667 · Cited by 35
Biorefinery of algae
Bastiaens, L., Roy, S. V., Thomassen, G., & Elst, K. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101023-5.00014-5 · Cited by 35
A new bioenergetic and thermodynamic approach to batch photoautotrophic growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis in different photobioreactors and under different light conditions
da Silva, M. F., Casazza, A. A., Ferrari, P. F., Perego, P., Bezerra, R. P., Converti, A., & Porto, A. L. F. (2016) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.128 · Cited by 34
“…acids, essential fatty acids (i.e., c-linolenic acid, GLA), polysaccharides, vitamins and pigments (b-carotene, chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) (Pulz and Gross, 2004); in addition, it contains other phytochemicals that find application in several industrial segments like those of health foods…”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of nitrogen source and irradiance on Porphyridium cruentum
Sánchez‐Saavedra, M. D. P., Castro-Ochoa, F. Y., Nava-Ruiz, V. M., Ruíz-Güereca, D. A., Aranda, A. L. V., Siqueiros-Vargas, F., & Molina-Cárdenas, C. A. (2017) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-017-1284-2 · Cited by 34
“InMexico, the Aztecs built raised fields called chinampas and ate Spirulina (= Arthrospira) mixed with toasted corn tortillas and chilli sauce; this food was named BTecuitlatl^ (Paniagua-Michel et al. 1993; Pulz and Gross 2004).”
Background
Effect of nitrogen concentration, two‐stage and prolonged cultivation on growth rate, lipid and protein content of Chlorella vulgaris
Metsoviti, M. N., Katsoulas, N., Karapanagiotidis, I. Τ., & Papapolymerou, G. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.5899 · Cited by 35
Auxin production of the filamentous cyanobacterial Planktothricoides strain isolated from a polluted river in Vietnam
Duong, T. T., Duong, T. T., Dinh, T. H. V., Hoang, T. Q., Vu, T. N., Doan, T. O., Duong, T. T., Le, T. P. Q., Tran, D. T., Le, V. N., et al. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131242 · Cited by 34
Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater by Microalgae Grown Under Dark and Light Conditions
Lindner, A. V., & Pleißner, D. (2021) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-021-01536-5 · Cited by 35
The contribution of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in microalgae studies: A review
Demir-Yilmaz, I., Guiraud, P., & Formosa‐Dague, C. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102506 · Cited by 40
“Microalgae are unique microorganisms able to convert light, water and inorganic nutrients into a biomass rich in value-added products such as proteins, polysaccharides, or lipids [1,2].”
Background
Extracting protein from microalgae (Tetraselmis chuii) for proteome analysis
Anjos, L., Estêvão, J., Infante, C., Mantecón, L., & Power, D. M. (2022) · MethodsX · doi:10.1016/j.mex.2022.101637 · Cited by 34
Biofuels from Microalgae: Towards Meeting Advanced Fuel Standards
Brennan, L., & Owende, P. M. O. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_24 · Cited by 36
“Such have bene fi cial aspects such as improved immune response and improved fertility in animals [ 166 ] .”
BackgroundMethod
Bioprospecting the thermal waters of the Roman baths: isolation of oleaginous species and analysis of the FAME profile for biodiesel production
Smith-Baedorf, H. D., Chuck, C. J., Mokebo, K. R., Macdonald, H., Davidson, M. G., & Scott, R. J. (2013) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/2191-0855-3-9 · Cited by 35
“In addition, transgenic cells usually exhibit lower fitness as well as there being restrictions and public concern over their commercial use, therefore, genetic modification must ‘compliment and not substitute screening of new species’ (Pulz and Gross, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential
Impact of processing on n-3 LC-PUFA in model systems enriched with microalgae
Gheysen, L., Bernaerts, T., Bruneel, C., Goiris, K., Durme, J. V., Loey, A. M. V., Cooman, L. D., & Foubert, I. (2018) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.112 · Cited by 35
Algal Photosynthesis, Biosorption, Biotechnology, and Biofuels
Konur, O. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_50 · Cited by 33
Marine microalgae used as food supplements and their implication in preventing cardiovascular diseases
Mimouni, V., Ulmann, L., Haimeur, A., Guéno, F., Meskini, N., & Tremblin, G. (2015) · OCL · doi:10.1051/ocl/2015015 · Cited by 34
“Various microalgae, as outlined in the previous section, have the ability to synthesize LC-PUFA with particular interest, specifically the omega-3 and omega-6 series such as EPA, DHA and ARA (Pulz and Gross, 2004).”
Background
Advances in cultivation and processing techniques for microalgal biodiesel: A review
Xiao, M., Shin, H., & Dong, Q. (2013) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-013-0161-1 · Cited by 33
Selecting the most suitable microalgae species to treat the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor
PACHES, M., Martínez‐Guijarro, R., González-Camejo, J., Seco, A., & Barat, R. (2018) · Environmental Technology · doi:10.1080/09593330.2018.1496148 · Cited by 33
“On the other hand, Pulz and Gross [19] observed that ‘successful algal biotechnology mainly depends on choosing the right microalgae with relevant properties for specific cultures conditions and products’.”
Background
Different Cell Disruption and Lipid Extraction Methods from Microalgae for Biodiesel Production
Kumar, V., Arora, N., Nanda, M., & Pruthi, V. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2264-8_12 · Cited by 33
Towards green extraction methods from microalgae learning from the classics
Imbimbo, P., D’Elia, L., Liberti, D., Olivieri, G., & Monti, D. M. (2020) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10839-x · Cited by 36
Algae-Based Biorefinery as a Sustainable Renewable Resource
Salami, R., Kordi, M., Bolouri, P., Delangiz, N., & Lajayer, B. A. (2021) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-021-00088-z · Cited by 36
Identification and selection of algae for food, feed, and fuel applications
Rajauria, G., Cornish, M. L., Ometto, F., Msuya, F. E., & Villa, R. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418697-2.00012-x · Cited by 34
Combining multiple nutrient stresses and bicarbonate addition to promote lipid accumulation in the diatom RGd-1
Moll, K., Gardner, R. D., Eustance, E., Gerlach, R., & Peyton, B. (2014) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2014.04.002 · Cited by 34
“, high temperature, alkalinity or salinity) may have increased potential to be successful in outdoor raceway ponds [2,47,48].”
Background
Embryonic, Larval, and Early Juvenile Development of the Tropical Sea Urchin,Salmacis sphaeroides(Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
Rahman, M. A., Yusoff, F. M., Arshad, A., Shamsudin, M. N., & Amin, S. M. N. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/938482 · Cited by 33
“PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) (n-3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6 (n-3)), have significant preventive effects on arrhythmia, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [13].”
Background
Microalgae as an Alternative Mineral Source in Poultry Nutrition
Costa, M. M., Spínola, M. P., & Prates, J. A. M. (2024) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci11010044 · Cited by 35
“Moreover, the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients from microalgae in poultry need to be thoroughly evaluated [15,16].”
Background
Algal Biofuels: A Credible Prospective?
Patel, B., Tamburic, B., Zemichael, F. W., Dechatiwongse, P., & Hellgardt, K. (2012) · ISRN Renewable Energy · doi:10.5402/2012/631574 · Cited by 32
“25 billion, which gives an average cost per kilogram of biomass as US $250 [35].”
Background

Authors: Pulz, O., & Gross, W.
Affiliations: Institut für Getreideverarbeitung (Germany) (DE)
Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author: Pulz, Otto
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-08-06
Volume: 65
Issue: 6
Pages: 635-648
ISSN: 0175-7598 (ISSN-L)
1432-0614
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x
OpenAlex: W2044809902
Cited by: 2,132
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 150 · 2020: 169 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 124 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 134 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 152 · 2013: 132 · 2012: 107
FWCI: 2.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Keywords: microalgae, microalgal biotechnology, microalgal biomass, food and feed, genetic engineering of microalgae, pharmaceutical applications, ecological applications, screening method
MeSH terms: Biotechnology, Drug Industry, Food Industry, Eukaryota

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