The niche matters: Origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease
Open accessAbstract
There are several cellular and acellular structural barriers associated with the brain interfaces, which include the dura, the leptomeninges, the perivascular space and the choroid plexus epithelium. Each structure is enriched by distinct myeloid populations, which mainly originate from erythromyeloid precursors (EMP) in the embryonic yolk sac and seed the CNS during embryogenesis. However, depending on the precise microanatomical environment, resident myeloid cells differ in their marker profile, turnover and the extent to which they can be replenished by blood-derived cells. While some EMP-derived cells seed the parenchyma to become microglia, others engraft the meninges and become CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), e.g., leptomeningeal macrophages (MnMΦ). Recent data revealed that MnMΦ migrate into perivascular spaces postnatally where they differentiate into perivascular macrophages (PvMΦ). Under homeostatic conditions in pathogen-free mice, there is virtually no contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to MnMΦ and PvMΦ, but rather to macrophages of the choroid plexus and dura. In neuropathological conditions in which the blood–brain barrier is compromised, however, an influx of bone marrow-derived cells into the CNS can occur, potentially contributing to the pool of CNS myeloid cells. Simultaneously, resident CAMs may also proliferate and undergo transcriptional and proteomic changes, thereby, contributing to the disease outcome. Thus, both resident and infiltrating myeloid cells together act within their microenvironmental niche , but both populations play crucial roles in the overall disease course. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the sources and fates of resident CAMs in health and disease, and the role of the microenvironment in influencing their maintenance and function.
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CAMs contribute to the maintenance of CNS homeostasis.
“and they contribute to the maintenance of CNS homeostasis (reviewed in [377]).”
From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [377]
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The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment
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- Authors
- Dalmau Gasull, A., Glavan, M., Samawar, S. K. R., Kapupara, K., Kelk, J., Rubio, M., Fumagalli, S., Sorokin, L., Vivien, D., & Prinz, M.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Münster (DE)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Prinz, Marco
- ORCID
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 2024-02-12
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-37
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- PMC
- PMC10861620
- OpenAlex
- W4391743667
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 16
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- border-associated macrophages, perivascular macrophages, choroid plexus macrophages, bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, blood-brain barrier, microglia, macrophage differentiation, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Macrophages, Meninges, Microglia, Proteomics, Mice
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