Early-life and adult socioeconomic status and inflammatory risk markers in adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Background Associations between childhood and adult socioeconomic status (SES) and adult levels of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen, white blood cell count [WBC], and von Willebrand factor [vWF]) were examined in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort. Methods A total of 12,681 white and African-American participants provided information on SES (via education and social class) and place of residence in childhood and adulthood. Residences were linked to census data for neighborhood SES information. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Hierarchical and linear regression were used to estimate the effects of SES and possible mediation by adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Findings Low childhood social class and education were associated with elevated levels of CRP, fibrinogen, WBC, and vWF (increments of 17%, 2%, 4% and 3% for lowest versus highest education in childhood, respectively) among whites. Findings were less consistent among African-Americans. Adult SES was more strongly associated with inflammation than childhood SES. Individual-level SES measures were more consistently associated with inflammation than neighborhood-level measures. Fibrinogen and WBC showed the most consistent associations with SES; the largest changes in inflammation by SES were observed for CRP. Covariate adjustment strongly attenuated these associations. Mediation of the SES-inflammation associations by BMI, smoking and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) are suggested by these data. Conclusion Low individual- and neighborhood-level SES in childhood and adulthood are associated with modest increments in adult inflammatory burden. These associations may operate through the influence of low SES on traditional CVD risk factors, especially BMI, smoking and HDL-C.
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Lower socioeconomic status in adulthood is related to increased levels of CRP and IL-6.
“lower socioeconomic status in adulthood has been found to be related to increased levels of CRP and IL-6”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Pollitt et al., 2007
The Discussion (page not provided) associates lower adult SES with higher inflammatory outcomes and says the largest differences by SES were seen for CRP. The Abstract lists the markers examined as CRP, fibrinogen, white blood cell count, and von Willebrand factor—not IL-6—so the IL-6 part is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Pollitt, R. A., Kaufman, J. S., Rose, K. M., Diez-Roux, A. V., Zeng, D., & Heiss, G.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pollitt, Ricardo A.
- Venue
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-66
- ISSN
- 0393-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7284
- OpenAlex
- W2078473706
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 14.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc55021-47-0-1, n01hc55020-39-0-0, n01hc55016-37-0-0, n01hc055022-024, n01hc55019-35-0-1, n01hc55018-38-0-1, n01hc55015-48-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC55022, N01-HC-55018, N01 HC 55020, N01 HC 55019, N01-HC55016, N01‐HC‐55015, N01-HC55021)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, childhood socioeconomic status, adult socioeconomic status, inflammation, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, white blood cell count, von Willebrand factor, neighborhood socioeconomic status, educational attainment, social class, cardiovascular risk factors, mediation, body mass index, smoking, HDL cholesterol, African Americans, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Educational Status, Female, Fibrinogen, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Risk, Social Class, von Willebrand Factor, Biomarkers, White People
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