Cited by 263Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Enteric methane mitigation technologies for ruminant livestock: a synthesis of current research and future directions

Patra, Amlan Kumar·2012·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Abstract

Enteric methane (CH(4)) emission in ruminants, which is produced via fermentation of feeds in the rumen and lower digestive tract by methanogenic archaea, represents a loss of 2% to 12% of gross energy of feeds and contributes to global greenhouse effects. Globally, about 80 million tonnes of CH(4) is produced annually from enteric fermentation mainly from ruminants. Therefore, CH(4) mitigation strategies in ruminants have focused to obtain economic as well as environmental benefits. Some mitigation options such as chemical inhibitors, defaunation, and ionophores inhibit methanogenesis directly or indirectly in the rumen, but they have not confirmed consistent effects for practical use. A variety of nutritional amendments such as increasing the amount of grains, inclusion of some leguminous forages containing condensed tannins and ionophore compounds in diets, supplementation of low-quality roughages with protein and readily fermentable carbohydrates, and addition of fats show promise for CH(4) mitigation. These nutritional amendments also increase the efficiency of feed utilization and, therefore, are most likely to be adopted by farmers. Several new potential technologies such as use of plant secondary metabolites, probiotics and propionate enhancers, stimulation of acetogens, immunization, CH(4) oxidation by methylotrophs, and genetic selection of low CH(4)-producing animals have emerged to decrease CH(4) production, but these require extensive research before they can be recommended to livestock producers. The use of bacteriocins, bacteriophages, and development of recombinant vaccines targeting archaeal-specific genes and cell surface proteins may be areas worthy of investigation for CH(4) mitigation as well. A combination of different CH(4) mitigation strategies should be adopted in farm levels to substantially decrease methane emission from ruminants. Evidently, comprehensive research is needed to explore proven and reliable CH(4) mitigation technologies that would be practically feasible and economically viable while improving ruminant production.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s10661-011-2090-y

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Authors
Patra, A. K.
Affiliations
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (IN)
Corresponding author
Patra, Amlan Kumar
Venue
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Published
2011-05-06
Volume
184
Issue
4
Pages
1929-1952
ISSN
  • 0167-6369 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2959
OpenAlex
W1987872806
Cited by
263
References
135
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 5
FWCI
24.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Keywords
enteric methane mitigation, ruminant livestock, methanogenesis, rumen fermentation, methanogenic archaea, methane inhibitors, defaunation, ionophores, proanthocyanidins, leguminous forage, feed additives, plant secondary metabolites, probiotics, acetogenic bacteria, immunization, methylotrophic bacteria, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, recombinant vaccine, greenhouse gas emissions
MeSH terms
Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry, Diet, Fermentation, Methane, Research, Ruminants, Gastrointestinal Tract, Livestock

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