The role of environmental perceptions in migration decision-making: evidence from both migrants and non-migrants in five developing countries
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The literature proposes that different types of environmental events affect migration behavior differently.
“The literature proposes that different types of environmental events affect migration behavior differently (Koubi et al., 2016a, 2016b).”
From Environmental shocks and migration among a climate-vulnerable population in Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as Koubi et al., 2016a
Migration behavior is influenced by individual perceptions of environmental change rather than by objectively identified environmental stressors.
“Indeed, the literature has found that migration behavior is influenced by individual perceptions of environmental change rather than by objectively identified environmental stressors (Koubi et al., 2016a, 2016b).”
From Environmental shocks and migration among a climate-vulnerable population in Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as Koubi et al., 2016a
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(2013) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.103.5.i · Cited by 15,501 · see citing works
Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models
Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2006) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790942 · Cited by 13,597 · see citing works
Migration unemployment and development: a two-sector analysis.
Harris, & Todaro, M. P. (1970) · American Economic Review · Cited by 6,391 · see citing works
Unobservable Selection and Coefficient Stability: Theory and Evidence
Oster, E. (2019) · Journal of Business & Economic Statistics · doi:10.1080/07350015.2016.1227711 · Cited by 5,367 · see citing works
Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata
Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skrondal, A. (2005) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00588_16.x · Cited by 4,626 · see citing works
The Logic of Political Survival
Bueno de Mesquita, B., Smith, A., Siverson, R. M., & Morrow, J. D. (2003) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4292.001.0001 · Cited by 4,217 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…countries should experience less environmental migration as democratic leaders have the incentive to provide economic support, infrastructure, and social services to their citizenry for alleviating environmental hardship as a means to survive in office (e.g., Bueno de Mesquita et al. 2003).”
BackgroundA Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries
Todaro, M. P. (1995) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781035362813.00009 · Cited by 2,940 · see citing works
(2017) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/soc.718 · Cited by 2,674 · see citing works
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Collins, P. H. (2015) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112142 · Cited by 2,419 · see citing works
What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature
Dell, M., Jones, B. F., & Olken, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.52.3.740 · Cited by 2,300 · see citing works
The new economics of labor migration
Stark, O., & Bloom, D. E. (1985) · American Economic Review · Cited by 2,211 · see citing works
Adaptive capacity and human cognition: The process of individual adaptation to climate change
Grothmann, T., & Patt, A. (2005) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.01.002 · Cited by 2,023 · see citing works
Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis
Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1995) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781035362813.00010 · Cited by 1,618 · see citing works
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
(2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/(issn)1757-7799 · Cited by 1,604 · see citing works
Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration
Massey, D. S. (1990) · Population Index · doi:10.2307/3644186 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought
Kelley, C. P., Mohtadi, S., Cane, M. A., Seager, R., & Kushnir, Y. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421533112 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
The effect of environmental change on human migration
Black, R., Adger, W. N., Arnell, N. W., Dercon, S., Geddes, A., & Thomas, D. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.001 · Cited by 1,279 · cited 16× · see citing works
“While the empirical evidence for the link between climate-related environmental events and migration remains inconclusive (Black et al. 2011c: 435), it is in fact the case that policymakers, public institutions, and scholars often argue that climate change is expected to lead to migration due to…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBrain Drain and Human Capital Formation in Developing Countries: Winners and Losers
Beine, M. A. R., Docquier, F., & Hillel Rapoport, C. (2008) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02135.x · Cited by 1,122 · see citing works
Black, R., Bennett, S. R. G., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/478477a · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Climate change-induced migration and violent conflict
Reuveny, R. (2007) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Adaptation to climate change: Evidence from US agriculture
Burke, M., & Emerick, K. (2016) · American Economic Journal: Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20130025 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Refugees and the Spread of Civil War
Salehyan, I., & Gleditsch, K. S. (2006) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818306060103 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Adapting agriculture to climate change in Kenya: Household strategies and determinants
Bryan, E. M., Ringler, C., Okoba, B. O., Roncoli, C., Silvestri, S., & Herrero, M. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.036 · Cited by 895 · see citing works
Environmental Research Letters
(2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/issn.1748-9326 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Residential Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in Residential Mobility
Speare, A. (1974) · Demography · doi:10.2307/2060556 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Migration, Remittances, and the Family
Stark, O. (1988) · Economic Development and Cultural Change · doi:10.1086/451670 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Can farmers’ adaptation to climate change be explained by socio-economic household-level variables?
Below, T. B., Mutabazi, K. D., Kirschke, D., Franke, C., Sieber, S., Siebert, R., & Tscherning, K. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.012 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Stark, O., & Levhari, D. (1982) · Economic Development and Cultural Change · doi:10.1086/451312 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Natural disasters and population mobility in Bangladesh
Gray, C. L., & Mueller, V. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1115944109 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Adams, V. M., & Setterfield, S. A. (2013) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/025018 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Linkages among climate change, crop yields and Mexico–US cross-border migration
Feng, S., Krueger, A. B., & Oppenheimer, M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1002632107 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
The Culture of Mexican Migration: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis
Kandel, W. A., & Massey, D. S. (2002) · Social Forces · doi:10.1353/sof.2002.0009 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu
Mortreux, C., & Barnett, J. (2008) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.006 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Drought and Population Mobility in Rural Ethiopia
Gray, C., & Mueller, V. (2011) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.023 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Migration, immobility and displacement outcomes following extreme events
Black, R., Arnell, N. W., Adger, W. N., Thomas, D., & Geddes, A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.001 · Cited by 519 · cited 4× · see citing works
“In terms of these characteristics, we focus on the distinction between sudden (shortterm) and slow-onset, gradual (long-term) environmental events (see also McLeman 2014; Black et al. 2011c, 2013; Renaud et al. 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialRace, socioeconomic status, and return migration to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina
Fussell, E., Sastry, N., & VanLandingham, M. (2010) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-009-0092-2 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
The Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric Research
Clarke, K. A. (2005) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1080/07388940500339183 · Cited by 484 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, Clarke (2005, 2009) shows that the inclusion of control variables can actually increase the bias instead of decreasing it.”
BackgroundAdapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance
(2010) · International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management · doi:10.1108/ijccsm.2010.41402bae.004 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Heat stress increases long-term human migration in rural Pakistan
Mueller, V., Gray, C., & Kosec, K. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2103 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
(2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596667 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Migration, environment and climate change: assessing the evidence.
Laczko, F., & Aghazarm, C. (2009) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 457 · see citing works
An underestimated role of precipitation frequency in regulating summer soil moisture
Wu, C., Chen, J. M., Pumpanen, J., Cescatti, A., Marcolla, B., Blanken, P. D., Ardö, J., Tang, Y., Magliulo, V., Georgiadis, T., et al. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024011 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Environmental dimensions of migration
Hunter, L. M., Luna, J. K., & Norton, R. M. (2015) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112223 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Climatic factors as determinants of international migration
Beine, M., & Parsons, C. (2015) · The Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12098 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
The impact of weather anomalies on migration in sub-Saharan Africa
Marchiori, L., Maystadt, J.-F., & Schumacher, I. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2012.02.001 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Environmental degradation and happiness
Ada Ferrer-i-carbonell, A., & Gowdy, J. M. (2006) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.005 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Nonlinear permanent migration response to climatic variations but minimal response to disasters
Bohra-Mishra, P., Oppenheimer, M., & Hsiang, S. M. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1317166111 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Henry, S. J. F., Schoumaker, B. D., & Beauchemin, C. (2004) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1023/b:poen.0000036928.17696.e8 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Inquiry, logic and international politics
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0570 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Migration and Environmental Hazards
Hunter, L. M. (2005) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-005-3343-x · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Inquiry, Logic, and International Politics
Most, B. A., & Starr, H. (2015) · University of South Carolina Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv6wgjzn · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Devine-Wright, P. (2013) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.08.003 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Brain Drain in Developing Countries
Docquier, F., Lohest, O., & Marfouk, A. (2007) · The World Bank Economic Review · doi:10.1093/wber/lhm008 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Trends in Rainfall and Economic Growth in Africa: A Neglected Cause of the African Growth Tragedy
Barrios, S., Bertinelli, L., & Strobl, E. (2010) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.2010.11212 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Social vulnerability and migration in the wake of disaster: the case of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
Myers, C. A., Slack, T., & Singelmann, J. (2008) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-008-0072-y · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Defining and Experiencing Dangerous Climate Change
Dessai, S., Adger, W. N., Hulme, M., Turnpenny, J. R., Köhler, J., & Warren, R. (2004) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1023/b:clim.0000024781.48904.45 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Bardsley, D. K., & Hugo, G. J. (2010) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
The Social and Economic Origins of Immigration
Massey, D. S. (1990) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716290510001005 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
How Can African Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change? A Counterfactual Analysis from Ethiopia
Falco, S. D., & Veronesi, M. (2013) · Land Economics · doi:10.3368/le.89.4.743 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Environmental change and out-migration: evidence from Nepal
Massey, D. S., Axinn, W. G., & Ghimire, D. J. (2010) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-010-0119-8 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Valuing flood disasters using the life satisfaction approach
Luechinger, S., & Raschky, P. A. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.10.003 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Gemenne, F. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.005 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Migration as an Adjustment to Environmental Stress
Wolpert, J. (1966) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1966.tb00552.x · Cited by 312 · see citing works
ON THE ROLE OF AMENITIES IN MODELS OF MIGRATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT*
Knapp, T. A., & Graves, P. E. (1989) · Journal of Regional Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1989.tb01223.x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Migration, Risk, and Liquidity Constraints in El Salvador
Halliday, T. J. (2006) · Economic Development and Cultural Change · doi:10.1086/503584 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
On the Varieties of People’s Relationships With Places
Lewicka, M. (2010) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916510364917 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Environmental changes and violent conflict
Bernauer, T., Böhmelt, T., & Koubi, V. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/015601 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationMigration and Climate Change: Towards an Integrated Assessment of Sensitivity
Black, R., Kniveton, D. R., & Schmidt, K. (2011) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a43154 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
The ‘last resort’? Population movement in response to climate-related hazards in Bangladesh
Penning-Rowsell, E. C., Sultana, P., & Thompson, P. M. (2013) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.03.009 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Environment, Land, and Rural Out-migration in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes
Gray, C. (2008) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.004 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
A Multiyear Global Surface Wind Velocity Dataset Using SSM/I Wind Observations
Atlas, R. M., Hoffman, R. N., Bloom, S. C., Jusem, J. C., & Ardizzone, J. V. (1996) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Linking climate change, environmental degradation, and migration: a methodological overview
Piguet, É. (2010) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.54 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
A Decision Framework for Environmentally Induced Migration
Renaud, F. G., Dun, O., Warner, K., & Bogárdi, J. J. (2011) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00678.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Kniveton, D. R., Schmidt, K., Smith, C., & Black, R. (2008) · IOM migration research series · doi:10.18356/6233a4b6-en · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Environmental Influences on Human Migration in Rural Ecuador
Gray, C., & Bilsborrow, R. E. (2013) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-012-0192-y · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Migratory Responses to Agricultural Risk in Northern Nigeria
Dillon, A., Mueller, V., & Salau, S. (2011) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/ajae/aar033 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The impact of climate on life satisfaction
Maddison, D., & Rehdanz, K. (2011) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.07.027 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Flood proneness and coping strategies: the experiences of two villages in Bangladesh
Paul, S. K., & Routray, J. K. (2010) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01139.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Andersen, L.-U. A., Lund, L. F. K., & Verner, D. (2010) · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Evidence against disaster-induced migration: the 2004 tornado in north-central Bangladesh
Paul, B. K. (2005) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00298.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Economic drivers of migration and climate change in LDCs
Lilleør, H. B., & den Broeck, K. V. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.002 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Focus on environmental risks and migration: causes and consequences
Adger, W. N., Arnell, N. W., Black, R., Dercon, S., Geddes, A., & Thomas, D. S. G. (2015) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/060201 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Empirical research on international environmental migration: A systematic review
Obokata, R., Veronis, L., & McLeman, R. (2014) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-014-0210-7 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Climate and human migration: past experiences, future challenges
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.185341 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Raleigh, C. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.008 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-1493 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Defining 'environmental migration'
Dun, O., & Gemenne, F. (2008) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Seo, S. N., McCarl, B. A., & Mendelsohn, R. O. (2010) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.07.025 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Reuveny, R., & Moore, W. H. (2009) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00569.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda
Gray, C. L. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.004 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Foresight: Migration and global environmental change, final project report
Black, R., Adger, W. N., Arnel, N., Dercon, S., Geddes, A., & Thomas, D. (2017) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua
Gourdji, S., Läderach, P., Martinez-Valle, A. I., Martinez, C. Z., & Lobell, D. B. (2014) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.002 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Impact of climate-related disasters on human migration in Mexico: a spatial model
Saldaña-Zorrilla, S. O., & Sandberg, K. (2009) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9577-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Clarke, K. A. (2009) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894208097666 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Thin Line Between Choice and Flight: Environment and Migration in Rural Benin
Doevenspeck, M. (2011) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00632.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Environmental change and migration: methodological considerations from ground-breaking global survey
Warner, K. (2011) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-011-0150-4 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Adams, H., & Adger, W. N. (2013) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Vulnerability and the Role of Education in Environmentally Induced Migration in Mali and Senegal
van der Land, V., & Hummel, D. (2013) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-05830-180414 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Temperature seasonality and violent conflict
Landis, S. T. (2014) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343314538275 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Populations 'trapped' at times of crisis
Black, R., & Collyer, M. (2014) · SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Piguet, É., Pécoud, A., & de Guchteneire, P. F. A. (2011) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Migration out of 1930s Rural Eastern Oklahoma: Insights for Climate Change Research.
McLeman, R. A. (2006) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Effect of Hydro-Meteorological Emergencies on Internal Migration
Robalino, J., Jimenez, J., & Cascante, A. C. (2014) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.031 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Human migration and the environment
Adamo, S. B., & Izazola, H. (2010) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-010-0130-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Barde, R., Carter, S. B., & Sutch, R. C. (2010) · Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition Online · doi:10.1017/isbn-9780511132971.ad.ess.01 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Climate Change and Agriculture in AfricaPreprint
Asafu‐Adjaye, J. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2331369 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Climate Change and Migration: Improving Methodologies to Estimate Flows
Kniveton, D. R., Schmidt, K., Smith, C., & Black, R. (2008) · SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 110 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Beegle, K., De Weerdt, J., & Dercon, S. (2011). Migration and economic mobility in Tanzania: Evidence from a tracking survey. Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(3), 1010-1033.
- EACH-FOR (Environmental Change and Forced Migration Scenarios). http://www.each-for.eu Economic Review, 75(1), 173-178.
- Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., et al. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437-471.
- Lewicka, M. (2011). On the variety of people's relationship with places. Environment and Behavior, 43(5), 676-709.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities
(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157964.012 · Cited by 861 · see citing works
Koubi, V. (2019) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070830 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationSea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities
(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157964.006 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
The need for bottom-up assessments of climate risks and adaptation in climate-sensitive regions
Conway, D., Nicholls, R. J., Brown, S. A., Tebboth, M. G. L., Adger, W. N., Ahmad, B., Biemans, H., Crick, F., Lutz, A., de Campos, R. S., et al. (2019) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0502-0 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Thresholds in climate migration
McLeman, R. A. (2017) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-017-0290-2 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Climate variability and inter-provincial migration in South America, 1970–2011
Thiede, B. C., Gray, C., & Mueller, V. (2016) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.10.005 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Migration influenced by environmental change in Africa: a systematic review of empirical evidence
Borderon, M., Sakdapolrak, P., Muttarak, R., Kebede, E., Pagogna, R., & Sporer, E. (2019) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2019.41.18 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Toward a climate mobilities research agenda: Intersectionality, immobility, and policy responses
Cundill, G., Singh, C., Adger, W. N., de Campos, R. S., Vincent, K., Tebboth, M. G. L., & Maharjan, A. (2021) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102315 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Hoffmann, R., Šedová, B., & Vinke, K. (2021) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102367 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The dark side of environmental peacebuilding
Ide, T. (2019) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104777 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Linking climate change, environmental degradation, and migration: An update after 10 years
Piguet, É. (2021) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.746 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Migration and Household Adaptation in Climate-Sensitive Hotspots in South Asia
Maharjan, A., de Campos, R. S., Singh, C., Das, S., Srinivas, A., Bhuiyan, M. R. A., Ishaq, S., Umar, M. A., Dilshad, T., Shrestha, K., et al. (2020) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-020-00153-z · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Longueville, F. D., Ozer, P., Gemenne, F., Henry, S. J. F., Mertz, O., & Nielsen, J. Ø. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02704-7 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The Determinants of Environmental Migrants' Conflict Perception
Koubi, V., Böhmelt, T., Spilker, G., & Schaffer, L. (2018) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818318000231 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationSwapan, M. S. H., & Sadeque, S. (2020) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101937 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Beyond internal conflict: The emergent practice of climate security
Busby, J. W. (2020) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320971019 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Natural hazards, internal migration and protests in Bangladesh
Petrova, K. (2021) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320973741 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Adger, W. N., de Campos, R. S., Codjoe, S. N. A., Siddiqui, T. A., Hazra, S., Das, S., Adams, H., Gavonel, M. F., Mortreux, C., & Abu, M. (2021) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.12.009 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Attitudes of urban residents towards environmental migration in Kenya and Vietnam
Spilker, G., Nguyen, Q., Koubi, V., & Böhmelt, T. (2020) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0805-1 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Great Glacier and Snow-Dependent Rivers of Asia and Climate Change: Heading for Troubled Waters
Molden, D. J., Shrestha, A. B., Immerzeel, W. W., Maharjan, A., Rasul, G., Wester, P., Wagle, N., Pradhananga, S., & Nepal, S. (2021) · Water resources development and management · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5493-0_12 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Time to Mainstream the Environment into Migration Theory?
Hunter, L. M., & Simon, D. H. (2022) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183221074343 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Climate change and geopolitical conflicts: The role of ESG readiness
Alam, A., Banna, H., Alam, A. W., Bhuiyan, M. B. U., & Mokhtar, N. B. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120284 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Environmental migrants and social-movement participation
Koubi, V., Nguyen, Q., Spilker, G., & Böhmelt, T. (2021) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320972153 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationLinke, A. M., Witmer, F. D. W., O’Loughlin, J., McCabe, J. T., & Tir, J. (2018) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad8cc · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Place attachment in disaster studies: measurement and the case of the 2013 Moore tornado
Greer, A., Binder, S. B., Thiel, A., Jamali, M., & Nejat, A. (2019) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-019-00332-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Climate change and migration: A review and new framework for analysis
Daoust, G. D., & Selby, J. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.886 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Climate variability and irregular migration to the European Union
Cottier, F., & Salehyan, I. (2021) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102275 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hoffmann, R., Wiederkehr, C., Dimitrova, A., & Hermans, K. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac7d65 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
As California burns: the psychology of wildfire- and wildfire smoke-related migration intentions
Rubin, N. B., & Wong‐Parodi, G. (2022) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-022-00409-w · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Climate events and the role of adaptive capacity for (im-)mobility
Koubi, V., Schaffer, L. M., Spilker, G., & Böhmelt, T. (2022) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-021-00395-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationClimate change literacy and migration potential: micro-level evidence from Africa
Helbling, M., Auer, D., Meierrieks, D., Mistry, M., & Schaub, M. (2021) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03241-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Global patterns of water‐driven human migration
Xu, L., & Famiglietti, J. S. (2023) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1647 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bordering sustainability in the Anthropocene
Dalby, S. (2019) · Territory Politics Governance · doi:10.1080/21622671.2018.1559758 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chumky, T., Basu, M., Onitsuka, K., Parvin, G. A., & Hoshino, S. (2022) · World Development Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.wds.2022.100013 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sancak, B., Selek, S. N., & Sarı, E. (2023) · The International Journal of Health Planning and Management · doi:10.1002/hpm.3646 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wan, J., Su, Y., Zan, H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Dong, X., & Deng, W. (2020) · Land · doi:10.3390/land9050134 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Risk and experience drive the importance of natural hazards for peoples’ mobility decisions
Zander, K. K., & Garnett, S. T. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02846-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Helbling, M., & Morgenstern, S. (2023) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.13148 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A review of drivers of environmental non-migration decisions in Africa
Balgah, R. A., & Kimengsi, J. N. (2022) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-022-01970-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ayeb‐Karlsson, S., & Uy, N. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01068-w · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of the Literature on Climate Change and Migration
Beine, M. A. R., & Jeusette, L. (2018) · Journal of Demographic Economics · doi:10.1017/dem.2019.22 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The role of local narratives in emerging climate governance
Donald, R., Young, C., & Mach, K. J. (2022) · Environmental Research Climate · doi:10.1088/2752-5295/ac7aca · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Novel Idea for Groundwater Resource Management during Megadrought Events
Mianabadi, A., Derakhshan, H., Davary, K., Hasheminia, S. M., & Hrachowitz, M. (2020) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-020-02525-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Environmental change and migration aspirations: Evidence from Bangladesh
Rudolph, L., Koubi, V., & Freihardt, J. (2025) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102966 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationAn “Unsettling” Journey? Hong Kong’s Exodus to Taiwan and Australia After the 2019 Protests
Li, Y., & Liao, B.-J. (2023) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642231192025 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Helbling, M., Diego Rybski, A., Schewe, J., Siedentop, S., Glockmann, M., Heider, B., Jones, B., Meierrieks, D., Rikani, A., & Stroms, P. (2023) · PLOS Climate · doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000078 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Climate change–induced human conflicts and economic costs in Pakistani Punjab
Bakhsh, K., Abbas, K., Hassan, S., Yasin, M. A., Ali, R., Ahmad, N., & Chattha, M. W. A. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08607-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Environmental shocks and migration among a climate-vulnerable population in Bangladesh
Freihardt, J. (2025) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-025-00478-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…improvement over existing micro-level studies which typically interview both non-migrants and migrants only cross-sectionally and retrospectively after an environmental shock has materialized (e.g., Afifi et al., 2016; Islam et al., 2020; Joarder & Miller, 2013; Koubi et al., 2016a, 2016b).”
InfluentialDas, D., & Basu, S. (2023) · Journal of the Indian Ocean Region · doi:10.1080/19480881.2023.2255386 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhou, S., & Chi, G. (2024) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2024.50.2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
İçduygu, A., & Gören, H. (2023) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnad021 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Environmental influences on skilled worker migration from Bangladesh to Canada
McLeman, R. A., Moniruzzaman, M., & Akter, N. (2017) · Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes · doi:10.1111/cag.12430 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Links between Climate Change, Disasters, Migration, and Social Resilience in Asia:
Ober, K. (2019) · ADB economics working paper series · doi:10.22617/wps190231-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Does drought exposure erode trust in the political system in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Rhein, S., & Jansesberger, V. (2024) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-024-03768-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wiig, A., Mahmud, M., Kolstad, I., Lujala, P., & Bezu, S. (2023) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-023-02086-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nguyen, Q., Spilker, G., Koubi, V., & Böhmelt, T. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297079 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental pollution and migrant settlement decision: Evidence from China
Li, J., Peng, Y., & Wang, P. (2022) · Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.11.006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mapping the Future of Migration and Climate Change Science
Nawyn, S. J., He, L., Chen, J., Axelrod, M., Irfan, F. B., Ahmed, F. S., & Walker, M. A. (2024) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183241272470 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Burrows, K., Son, J.-Y., & Bell, M. L. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13116228 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Do climate change expectations drive migration? Evidence from migration flows towards OECD countries
Minehan, S., & Wesselbaum, D. (2023) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104188 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ober, K. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3590184 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Introduction: Climate change and planned retreat
Ajibade, I. M., & Siders, A. R. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003141457-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Zhao, W., Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Miao, X. (2022) · Journal of Global Information Management · doi:10.4018/jgim.300816 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Anticipation Mechanism for Cold Wave: Forecast Based Financing a Case Study in the Peruvian Andes
Bazo, J., de Perez, C., Jácome, G., Mantilla, K., Destrooper, M., & van Aalst, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2021.747906 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jennath, A., & Paul, S. K. (2024) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2024.2385492 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring antecedents to climate migration: sense of place, fear and worry, and experience
Rubin, N. B., Garfin, D. R., & Wong‐Parodi, G. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad6fb9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Interrelated drivers of migration intentions in Africa: Evidence from Afrobarometer surveys
Hoffmann, R., & Zens, G. (2024) · Environmental Development · doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101096 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A combined cognitive and spatial model to map and understand climate-induced migration
Cárdenas-Vélez, M., Barrott, J., Jaramillo, J. C. B., Hernández-Orozco, E., Maestre-Másmela, D. M., & Alva, I. L. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-02987-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Not a Security Issue: How Policy Experts De-Politicize the Climate Change–Migration Nexus
Ebrahimi, S. H., & Ossewaarde, M. (2019) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci8070214 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Laila, G. A., Ford, J. D., Ivanova, D., & Paavola, J. (2025) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105646 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Xu, F., Ye, X., & Xiang, S. (2024) · Journal of Urban Planning and Development · doi:10.1061/jupddm.upeng-4849 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Thongchaithanawut, M., Borderon, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2024) · Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography · doi:10.1111/sjtg.12562 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Environmental Migration in Latin America
Simon, D. H., & Riosmena, F. (2022) · International handbooks of population · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_11 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Environmental Change and Migration Aspirations: Evidence from BangladeshPreprint
Koubi, V., Freihardt, J., & Rudolph, L. (2022) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/h5q9y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding Mobility Through Climate Risk Perceptions
Hermans, K., & Kizilkaya, S. (2025) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.70029 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Williams, L., & Kay, D. L. (2024) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-024-03785-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Climate Change, Vulnerability, and the Propensity for Climate Migration: Evidence from Guatemala
Maboudi, T., Eisenstadt, T. A., Arce, M., Feoli, L., & Palacios, F. A. G. (2025) · Global Environmental Politics · doi:10.1162/glep_a_00780 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Understanding Past Climate-Related Migration for Our Warming World
Ingram, S., & Schollmeyer, K. G. (2021) · KIVA · doi:10.1080/00231940.2021.1880170 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Experience and self‐interest: Diverging responses to global warming
Gazmararian, A. F., & Milner, H. V. (2026) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.70061 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cavagnoud, R., & Aramburú, C. E. (2020) · Revista Kawsaypacha Sociedad y Medio Ambiente · doi:10.18800/kawsaypacha.201902.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Natural Hazards and Internal Migration: The Role of Transient Versus Permanent ShocksPreprint
Pavel, T., Hasan, S. A., Halim, N., & Mozumder, P. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3254878 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Differentiated outcomes of climate change-induced internal migration in India
Apparaju, A. (2025) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-025-02489-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Climate Change in Historical Perspective: Violence, Conflict, and Migration
Pei, Q., Long, Y., & Lin, X. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_389-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tubi, A., & Israeli, Y. (2023) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-023-00421-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
PRAAG, L. V., & Cheung, S.-L. (2024) · Environmental Sociology · doi:10.1080/23251042.2024.2330772 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trust Me, Stay: Institutional Trust, Drought Perceptions and Migration
Sánchez‐Carrasco, A., & Hernández‐Albújar, Y. (2025) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.70050 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hydrological hegemony and U.S. strategic engagement in climate and water security
Howlader, M. R. (2026) · Discover Global Society · doi:10.1007/s44282-026-00355-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Climatic Conditions and Internal Armed Conflicts: An Empirical Study
Shiva, M. P., Molana, H., & Kwiatkowski, A. (2022) · Research in social movements, conflicts and change · doi:10.1108/s0163-786x20220000046007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Navarro-Conticello, J., & Moyano‐Díaz, E. (2022) · Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento ( RACC ) · doi:10.32348/1852.4206.v14.n2.30827 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Climate-Induced Migrations in NigeriaPreprint
Nardi, C. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4823600 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Building a Policy-Relevant Research Agenda on Environmental Migration in Africa
Mueller, V. (2022) · International handbooks of population · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stay or leave Ethiopia: analysing migration as households’ two-stage decision
Lantz, T. L., Arbolino, R., Cembalo, L., & Caracciolo, F. (2022) · Development Southern Africa · doi:10.1080/0376835x.2022.2120458 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sreekumar, G., & Mandal, S. K. (2024) · Indian Economic Review · doi:10.1007/s41775-024-00233-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exploring the Drivers of Banana Postharvest Losses: A Case Study in Northeast India
Das, T. (2025) · World Food Policy · doi:10.1002/wfp2.70006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nooni, I. K., Ogou, F. K., Chaibou, A. A. S., Prempeh, N. A., Atta‐Darkwa, T., Paing, K. H., Fianko, S. K., Jin, Z., & Yu, X. (2025) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.70001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Unpacking the role of climate variability on displacement in the Greater Horn of Africa
Villa, V., Rolla, P., Mastrorillo, M., Belli, A., Pacillo, G., & Läderach, P. (2026) · PLOS Climate · doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000594 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Remittances in response to environmental shocks: a panel study of rural Thailand and Vietnam
Thongchaithanawut, M., Borderon, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2026) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-026-00519-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nag, A., Sinha, A., Bhushan, M., Singh, V. K., Chakraborty, D., Karuna, K., Patel, D. K., Prasad, J. P., Prasad, S., Meena, L. K., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2026.1695726 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mortality and mobility: understanding the impact of family member death on post-disaster mobility
Gardner, A., & Labovitz, E. (2024) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-024-00459-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Disaster and Displacement: Opportunities and Challenges for Enhancing Resilience in Nepal
Chauhan, R., Thakuri, S., & Pradhan, C. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80455-448-720231008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koubi, V., Spilker, G., Schaffer, L., & Böhmelt, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Salzburg (AT)
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- University of Essex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Koubi, Vally
- Venue
- Population and Environment
- Published
- 2016-06-14
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 134-163
- ISSN
- 0199-0039 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7810
- OpenAlex
- W2439684330
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 17.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Population and Environment (publishedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (acceptedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- Swiss Network for International Studies
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Keywords
- environmental perception, migration decisions, environmental migration, internal migration, drought, floods, climate change adaptation, developing countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
