Personality and mortality risk across the life span: The importance of conscientiousness as a biopsychosocial attribute.

Martin, Leslie R.; Friedman, Howard S.; Schwartz, Joseph E.

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.428

Cited by 234Personality Traits and PsychologyHealth disparities and outcomesAging and Gerontology Research

Personality and mortality risk across the life span: The importance of conscientiousness as a biopsychosocial attribute.

Martin, Leslie R., Friedman, Howard S., Schwartz, Joseph E.·2007·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.428

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study addressed whether personality in childhood and personality in adulthood are independent predictors of mortality risk and the extent to which behavioral and other psychosocial factors can explain observed relationships between personality and mortality risk. DESIGN: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 1,253 male and female Californians over 7 decades (1930-2000). Proportional hazards regressions were the principal analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality risk (in the form of relative hazards) was the primary outcome. Additional tests of mediators and moderators ascertained whether associations between personality and mortality risk remained significant when psychosocial and behavioral variables were statistically controlled. RESULTS: The findings, including a new 14-year additional follow-up in old age, revealed that conscientiousness, measured independently in childhood and adulthood, predicted mortality risk across the full life span. The link from childhood remained robust when adult conscientiousness and certain behavioral variables were controlled. Psychosocial and behavioral variables partly explained the adult conscientiousness-longevity association. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the utility and complexity of modern personality concepts in understanding health and point to conscientiousness as a key underexplored area for future biopsychosocial studies.

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Links between Conscientiousness and longevity are only partly explained by commonly studied health behaviors.
“However, links between Conscientiousness and longevity are only partly explained by commonly studied health behaviors [62–64].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [64]

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Authors: Martin, L. R., Friedman, H. S., & Schwartz, J. E.
Affiliations: La Sierra University (US)
University of California, Riverside (US)
Stony Brook University (US)
ORCID: Martin, Leslie R.
Friedman, Howard S.
Schwartz, Joseph E.
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007-07
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 428-436
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.428
OpenAlex: W2121619551
Cited by: 233
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 12.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG08825, AG15188)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Keywords: conscientiousness, personality, mortality risk, longevity, lifespan, child personality, adult personality, biopsychosocial model, behavioral factors, psychosocial factors, moderation, older adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, 80 and over, Character, Child, Child Behavior, Conscience, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Human Development, Life Change Events, Longevity, Male, Models, Psychological, Mortality, Personality, Personality Assessment, Personality Development, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Health Behavior

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Personality and mortality risk across the life span: The importance of conscientiousness as a biopsychosocial attribute.

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