Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health
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This article reviewed the beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise on brain health according to the studies on humans and animals, which includes improving psychological status and cognitive function, enhancing psychological well-being, decreasing the risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, and promoting the effects of antidepressant and anxiolytic. The possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms are involved up-active and down-active pathways. The up-active pathway is associated with enhancements of several neurotransmitters systems afferent to hippocampus, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The down-active pathway is mainly concerned with up-regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurogenesis. It is suggested that NE activation via beta-adrenergic receptors may be essential for exercise-induced BDNF up-regulation. The possible intracellular signaling pathways of NE-mediated BDNF up-expression may be involved in GPCR-MAPK-PI-3K crosstalk and positive feedback.
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Aerobic exercise is known to affect overall brain health.
“It is established that aerobic exercise has effects on overall brain health61, 62.”
From State of the Science of Neural Systems in Late‐Life Depression: Impact on Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [62]
G-protein-coupled receptor and MAPK- and IP3K-mediated signaling pathways regulate NA-dependent expression of the gene encoding BDNF.
“The G-protein-coupled receptor and MAPK- and IP3K-mediated signaling pathways are indicated as those regulating the NA-dependent expression of the gene encoding BDNF [199,200].”
From BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [199]
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- Authors
- Ma, Q.
- Affiliations
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Qiang
- ORCID
- Ma, Qiang
- Venue
- Neuroscience Bulletin
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 265-270
- ISSN
- 1995-8218 (ISSN-L)
- 1673-7067
- PMC
- PMC5552589
- OpenAlex
- W182877123
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuroscience Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Keywords
- brain health, cognitive function, psychological well-being, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, antidepressant effects, anxiolytic effects, norepinephrine, beta-adrenergic receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurogenesis, hippocampus, neurotransmitter systems, GABA, serotonin, acetylcholine
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Dementia, Humans, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Neurotransmitter Agents
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