A randomized controlled multicenter trial on the multimodal treatment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: enrollment and characteristics of the study sample
Abstract
Adult ADHD is a frequent psychiatric disorder affecting relevant aspects of an individual's life. The aim of our study group was to carry out the first randomized controlled multicenter study to evaluate the effects of psychotherapy compared to clinical management in combination with psychopharmacological treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) or placebo (Plac) in a factorial four-arm design. Here, we present the enrollment procedure and description of adult ADHD patients recruited for the trial. Four hundred and thirty-three adult patients with ADHD were randomized at seven study sites in Germany to four treatment conditions: manualized dialectical-behavioral-therapy-based group psychotherapy (GPT) plus MPH or Plac, or clinical management (CM) including supportive counseling plus MPH or Plac with weekly sessions in the first 12 weeks and monthly sessions thereafter. Assessment for eligibility included standardized scales and instruments. After prescreening of 1,480 patients, 518 were evaluated for trial participation and 433 were randomized. The main reasons for prescreening failure were lack of interest in participating (n = 205), difficulties in meeting the time and effort requirements for participation (n = 186), and contraindications for psychopharmacological treatment with MPH (n = 194). The full analysis set (FAS) comprised 419 adult ADHD patients (mean age 35.2 years, males/females 1:1). Fifty-seven percent of the patients suffered from the combined ADHD subtype. Prevalence of at least one current or lifetime axis-I comorbidity was 66 %. Axis-II comorbidity rates was 18 % (patients with comorbid borderline and antisocial personality disorders were excluded). Our network was able to recruit an adult ADHD sample essentially comparable to community samples. A selection bias was created by excluding patients unable or unwilling to participate, or who had somatic and psychiatric contraindications for stimulant treatment (Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54096201, FUNDING: Federal Ministry of Education and Research 01GV0606).
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The efficacy of DBT has also been studied in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting its clinical pertinence in neurodevelopmental disorders.
“In addition, the efficacy of DBT has also been studied in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Philipsen et al., 2014; Fleming et al., 2015), suggesting its clinical pertinence in neurodevelopmental disorders.”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Philipsen et al., 2014
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“According to the literature, the present study is the first multicenter RCT designed to evaluate the effects of psychopharmacological treatment with the first-line medication MPH compared to Plac in combination with nonpharmacological treatment strategies GPT and CM in adult ADHD.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEvaluation of group cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD
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Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach
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“It is therefore important to screen for ADHD in patients presenting with SUD and vice-versa [41].”
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Long-term Effects of Multimodal Treatment on Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
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“The largest study so far of this DBT-treatment, including 433 patients, used a four-armed design to compare the group treatment to general clinical management, combined with medication (methylphenidate) or placebo, respectively, in adults with ADHD [29, 30].”
MethodMaier, S. J., Perlov, E., Graf, E., Dieter, E., Sobanski, E., Rump, M., Warnke, A., Ebert, D., Berger, T., Matthies, S., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.012 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationCBT/DBT skills training for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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“For more detailed information on the study design and conduct, please refer to the earlier publications on COMPAS [1, 16, 17].”
MethodSelf-citationEffectiveness of Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD: What Do Patients Think? Results of the COMPAS Study
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“In both the ACC and the cerebellum samples, the patient and control groups significantly differed in age, IQ, and nicotine consumption, but not in gender.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationMuld, B. B., Jokinen, J., Bölte, S., & Hirvikoski, T. (2016) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0195-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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“Previous studies have found that as many as 80% of adults with ADHD have at least one coexisting psychiatric disorder [21, 22], including depression and anxiety, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD) [23, 24].”
BackgroundExtended-release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
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Self-citationNeurochemical sex differences in adult ADHD patients: an MRS study
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Self-citationZinnow, T., Banaschewski, T., Fallgatter, A. J., Jenkner, C., Philipp-Wiegmann, F., Philipsen, A., Retz, W., Sobanski, E., Thome, J., & Rösler, M. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2665-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Results suggest that group program therapy is not superior compared to clinical management regarding the primary outcome (ADHD symptoms after 3 months of intense treatment), whereas MPH is superior to placebo [34].”
ResultSelf-citationNickel, K., van Elst, L. T., Perlov, E., Jitten-Schachenmeier, R., Beier, D., Endres, D., Goll, P., Philipsen, A., & Maier, S. J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.07.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The diagnostic procedure is described in a previous paper (Philipsen et al., 2014).”
Self-citationHäge, A., Alm, B., Banaschewski, T., Becker, K., Colla, M., Freitag, C. M., Geissler, J. M., von Gontard, A., Graf, E., Haack‐Dees, B., et al. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1109-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationExtended‐release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Boesen, K., Danborg, P., Gøtzsche, P., & Jørgensen, K. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012857 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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“…for many people it is a life-long condition [20] that often includes impairment in a variety of associated domains, such as executive dysfunction [21], emotional dysregulation [22, 23], and comorbid conditions, such as mood [2, 24–26], anxiety [2, 27], and substance use disorders [28, 29].”
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Neural correlates of inattention in adults with ADHD
Laatsch, J., Stein, F., Maier, S. J., Matthies, S., Sobanski, E., Alm, B., van Elst, L. T., Krug, A., & Philipsen, A. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01872-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The study protocol and diagnostic procedures were implemented as outlined in the clinical COMPAS trial [ 46 , 47 ].”
Self-citationLücke, C., Jenkner, C., Graf, E., Matthies, S., Borel, P., Sobanski, E., Alm, B., Rösler, M., Retz, W., Jacob, C., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2021.1910172 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“For more details on the recruitment and randomization process, please refer to the publication of the study sample (Philipsen et al., 2014).”
Self-citationLa thérapie comportementale dialectique
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Self-citationCortical gyrification predicts initial treatment response in adults with ADHD
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- Authors
- Philipsen, A., Graf, E., Jans, T., Matthies, S., Borel, P., Colla, M., Gentschow, L., Langner, D., Jacob, C., Groß-Lesch, S., Sobanski, E., Alm, B., Schumacher-Stien, M., Roesler, M., Retz, W., Retz-Junginger, P., Kis, B., Abdel-Hamid, M., Heinrich, V., Huss, M., Kornmann, C., Bürger, A., van Elst, L. T., & Berger, M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
- Stiftung Charité (DE)
- Central Institute of Mental Health (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (DE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Philipsen, Alexandra
- ORCID
- Venue
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
- Published
- 2013-10-17
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-47
- ISSN
- 1866-6116 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-6647
- OpenAlex
- W2086121543
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Commercializations Promotion Agency for R and D Outcomes
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, multimodal therapy, methylphenidate, psychopharmacological treatment, dialectical behavior therapy, group therapy, clinical management, trial recruitment, selection bias, comorbidities, factorial design
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Mental Disorders, Clinical Protocols, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Psychotherapy, Group, Comorbidity, Patient Selection, Young Adult
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