A qualitative study with healthcare staff exploring the facilitators and barriers to engaging in a self-help mindfulness-based intervention
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In order to increase the cost-efficiency, availability and ease of accessing and delivering mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), clinical and research interest in mindfulness-based self-help (MBSH) interventions has increased in recent years. Several studies have shown promising results of effectiveness of MBSH. However, like all self-help interventions, dropout rates and disengagement from MBSH are high. The current study explored the facilitators and barriers of engaging in a MBSH intervention. Semi-structured interviews with members of healthcare staff who took part in an MBSH intervention ( n = 16) were conducted. A thematic analysis approach was used to derive central themes around engagement from the interviews. Analyses resulted in four overarching themes characterising facilitation and hindrance to engagement in MBSH. These are “attitude towards engagement”, “intervention characteristics”, “process of change” and “perceived consequences”. Long practices, emerging negative thoughts and becoming self-critical were identified as the key hindrances, whilst need for stress reduction techniques, shorter practices and increased sense of agency over thoughts were identified as the key facilitators. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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The finding that negative reactions to one's own practice are common is consistent with the wider literature on mindfulness interventions and offers initial support for extending this finding to digital intervention formats.
“which is consistent with the wider literature on mindfulness interventions and offers initial support for extending this finding to digital intervention formats.”
From Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
The Discussion reports that some participants experienced negative thoughts or self-criticism during practice and says similar difficulties had been reported in earlier mindfulness research. The Methods describe an online version of the intervention, so the study offers initial evidence relevant to a digital format. But the paper says “some participants,” not that negative reactions are common, and the cited passages do not establish which format those participants used. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA prior inductive qualitative study of 16 health care professionals in a self-help MBI found that longer practices, arising negative thoughts, and self-criticism were key hindrances.
“The results indicated that longer practices, arising negative thoughts, and self-criticism were key hindrances”
From Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
The same prior study found that shorter practices, motivation to reduce stress, and feelings of control over thoughts were key facilitators.
“shorter practices, motivation to reduce stress, and feelings of control over thoughts were key facilitators”
From Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
In that prior study, over half of the participants opted for the book-based intervention, and themes from the web-based and book-based MBIs were combined.
“over half of the participants opted for the book-based intervention in this study, and themes identified from engaging with the web-based and book-based MBIs were combined”
From Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
This theme diverges from the results of a thematic analysis of the experiences of health care professionals who participated in either a web-based or printed self-help MBI.
“Conversely, this theme diverges from the results of a thematic analysis of the experiences of health care professionals who participated in either a web-based or printed self-help MBI [18].”
From Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
In another study, participants reported feeling self-critical when they could not make time to practice and when mindfulness did not appear to work for them.
“In another study, participants reported feeling self-critical when they could not make time to practice and when mindfulness did not appear to work for them [18].”
From Experiences of Using Digital Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Rapid Scoping Review and Thematic Synthesis (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
People with childhood trauma often struggle to manage emotions around those events, which fosters experiential avoidance and can lead some to abandon mindfulness practice when difficult emotions arise.
“People with childhood traumatic experiences often have trouble managing their emotions around these events, which fosters experiential avoidance and leads some to abandon their mindfulness practice when difficult emotions arise (Banerjee et al., 2017; Lindahl et al., 2017; Lomas et al., 2015; Van Dam et al., 2018; Wyatt et al., 2014).”
From Feasibility and acceptability of mindful recovery opioid use care continuum (M-ROCC): A concurrent mixed methods study (2021) · cites this paper as Banerjee et al., 2017
Web and mobile technologies may not meaningfully assist users with overcoming some experiential challenges associated with mindfulness practice, which may contribute to disengagement or adverse effects.
“It is possible that these technologies do not meaningfully assist users with overcoming some of the experiential challenges associated with mindfulness practice, which may contribute to disengagement or even adverse effects [20,21].”
From Understanding How Virtual Reality Can Support Mindfulness Practice: Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Banerjee, M., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Strauss, Clara
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2017-05-25
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1653-1664
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- PMC
- PMC5693971
- OpenAlex
- W2617929448
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ChiPrints (University of Chichester) (acceptedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Sussex
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, intervention engagement, barriers and facilitators, healthcare workers, dropout, stress reduction, self-criticism, sense of agency, change processes
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