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Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement
Open accessAbstract
The advancements made in tissue culture techniques has made it possible to regenerate various horticultural species in vitro as micropropagation protocols for commercial scale multiplication are available for a wide range of crops. Clonal propagation and preservation of elite genotypes, selected for their superior characteristics, require high degree of genetic uniformity amongst the regenerated plants. However, plant tissue culture may generate genetic variability, i.e., somaclonal variations as a result of gene mutation or changes in epigenetic marks. The occurrence of subtle somaclonal variation is a drawback for both in vitro cloning as well as germplasm preservation. Therefore, it is of immense significance to assure the genetic uniformity of in vitro raised plants at an early stage. Several strategies have been followed to ascertain the genetic fidelity of the in vitro raised progenies comprising morpho-physiological, biochemical, cytological and DNA-based molecular markers approaches. Somaclonal variation can pose a serious problem in any micropropagation program, where it is highly desirable to produce true-to-type plant material. On the other hand, somaclonal variation has provided a new and alternative tool to the breeders for obtaining genetic variability relatively rapidly and without sophisticated technology in horticultural crops, which are either difficult to breed or have narrow genetic base. In the present paper, sources of variations induced during tissue culture cycle and strategies to ascertain and confirm genetic fidelity in a variety of in vitro raised plantlets and potential application of variants in horticultural crop improvement are reviewed.
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“In the case of in vitro-regenerated plants, not all the genetic variations that appear in the somaclones have a phenotypic expression, mainly because these modifications either are not in the coding sequences or do not alter the gene product to such an extent that can be observed in the phenotype [16].”
From Somaclonal Variation—Advantage or Disadvantage in Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plants (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Sometimes, due to somatic mutations in the donor plant (that is, due to the chimeras in the explants), the appearance of somaclonal variations can be observed in the regenerants [16].”
From Somaclonal Variation—Advantage or Disadvantage in Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plants (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Most of these techniques are based on different types of DNA markers, due to the fact that these markers are phenotypically neutral and are not influenced by any developmental changes or environmental factors [16].”
From Somaclonal Variation—Advantage or Disadvantage in Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plants (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Therefore, the detection of genetic uniformity of in vitro-raised plants at an early stage is desirable [22].”
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“Notably, plant genotypes significantly influence this process, as their susceptibility to somaclonal variation varies [65,66].”
From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
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“Understanding these factors is crucial for commercial micropropagation to reduce somaclonal variation and maintain genetic uniformity [64,65].”
From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Krishna, H., Alizadeh, M., Singh, D., Singh, U., Chauhan, N., Eftekhari, M., & Sadh, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (IN)
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (IR)
- Central Institute for Arid Horticulture (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Krishna, Hare
- Venue
- 3 Biotech
- Published
- 2016-02-13
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-54
- ISSN
- 2190-572X (ISSN-L)
- 2190-5738
- PMC
- PMC4752953
- OpenAlex
- W2286740172
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 207
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- 3 Biotech (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Banana Cultivation and Research
- Keywords
- somaclonal variation, horticultural crops, micropropagation, genetic fidelity, in vitro regeneration, clonal propagation, germplasm conservation, epigenetic modifications, crop improvement, genetic variation
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