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Ultra‐Processed Food and Obesity: What Is the Evidence?

Dicken, Samuel J., Batterham, Rachel L.·2024·Current Nutrition Reports
DOI 10.1007/s13668-024-00517-zPMC PMC10924027
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Abstract

Purpose of Review: Obesity is a growing global healthcare concern. A proposed driver is the recent increase in ultra-processed food (UPF) intake. However, disagreement surrounds the concept of UPF, the strength of evidence, and suggested mechanisms. Therefore, this review aimed to critically appraise the evidence on UPF and obesity. Recent Findings: Observational studies demonstrate positive associations between UPF intake, weight gain, and overweight/obesity, more clearly in adults than children/adolescents. This is supported by high-quality clinical data. Several mechanisms are proposed, but current understanding is inconclusive. Summary: Greater UPF consumption has been a key driver of obesity. There is a need to change the obesogenic environment to support individuals to reduce their UPF intake. The UPF concept is a novel approach that is not explained with existing nutrient- and food-based frameworks. Critical analysis of methodologies provides confidence, but future observational and experimental research outputs with greater methodological rigor will strengthen findings, which are outlined.

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Metadata

Authors
Dicken, S. J., & Batterham, R. L.
Venue
Current Nutrition Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-01-31
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
23-38
ISSN
2161-3311
DOI
10.1007/s13668-024-00517-z
PMC
PMC10924027
Cited by
133
References
7
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (MR/N013867/1)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research
  • Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust
  • Rosetrees Trust

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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