Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
Open accessAbstract
Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1-2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article.
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Acute and chronic supplementation with >1000 mg fruit-derived polyphenols per day enhances recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
“This has been reinforced by more recent research showing that acute and chronic supplementation with >1000 mg fruit-derived polyphenols per day will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms [106]”
From The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates (2020) · cites this paper as [106]
Fruit supplements could be used as part of a post-exercise recovery strategy.
“which suggest that fruit supplements could be used as part of the post-exercise recovery strategy”
From The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates (2020) · cites this paper as [106]
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Biological and pharmacological aspects of tannins and potential biotechnological applications
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“These benefits are likely due to antioxidant effects and have been observed in both trained and untrained populations [203].”
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Martin-Rincon, M., Gelabert-Rebato, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Gallego-Selles, A., Martinez-Canton, M., Lopez-Rios, L., Wiebe, J. C., Martin-Rodriguez, S., Arteaga-Ortiz, R., Dorado, C., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030614 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bowtell, J., & Kelly, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bowtell, Joanna
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2019-01-22
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 3-23
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- PMC
- PMC6445811
- OpenAlex
- W2911764210
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Gran Sasso Science Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- dietary supplementation, exercise performance, post-exercise recovery, muscle damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, Nrf2 signaling, anti-inflammatory activity, nitric oxide, vascular function, reactive oxygen species, endurance exercise, repeated sprint exercise, athletes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Fruit, Humans, Exercise, Dietary Supplements, Athletic Performance, Athletes, Polyphenols, Phytochemicals
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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