The exogenous origin of trimethylamine in the mouse
Abstract
Although it is now generally regarded that the origin of urinary trimethylamine (TMA) is via the action of intestinal microflora on precursors such as choline, little direct evidence exists. The normal production of urinary TMA was shown to be absent in germ-free mice and greatly reduced in antibiotic-pretreated animals. Cohabitation of germ-free mice with conventional animals restored their ability to excrete TMA. This study invokes a fundamental role for the intestinal microflora in the provision of TMA from precursors within the food.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Gut microbiota are necessary for dietary choline, choline-containing compounds, betaine, and L-carnitine to be converted to TMA.
“We know that gut microbiota are required for these nutrients to be converted to TMA because gnotobiotic mice do not produce such TMA (1,96), and antibiotic treatment of standard mice decreases TMA formation (1).”
From Trimethylamine <i>N</i> -Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
Cites
The metabolism of<sup>14</sup>C-labelled trimethylamine and its<i>N</i>-oxide in man
Al-waiz, M., Mitchell, S. C., Idle, J. R., & Smith, R. L. (1987) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.3109/00498258709043962 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationde la Huerga, J., & Popper, H. (1951) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci102463 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Endogenous formation of dimethylamine
Zeisel, S. H., daCosta, K.-A., & Fox, J. G. (1985) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2320403 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of oral neomycin.
Asatoor, A. M., Mj, C., Emmerson, B. T., Johnson, J. R., Levi, A. J., & MILNE, M. D. (1967) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
STUDIES ON TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE
Norris, E. R., & Benoit, G. J. (1945) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43150-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lowis, S., Eastwood, M. A., & Brydon, W. G. (1983) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84764-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Trimethylamine as a Normal Constituent of Human Blood, Urine and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Dorée, C., & Golla, F. (1911) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0050306 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Filippi, F. D. (1906) · Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie · doi:10.1515/bchm2.1906.49.4-6.433 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
On the Alleged Occurrence of Trimethylamine in Urine
Erdmann, C. C. (1910) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)91541-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Trimethylamin aus Menschenharn
Dessaignes (1856) · Justus Liebig s Annalen der Chemie · doi:10.1002/jlac.18561000208 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Fate of Trimethylamine Oxide and Trimethylamine in Man
Tarr, H. L. A. (1941) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f40-022 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease
Wang, Z., Klipfell, E., Bennett, B. J., Koeth, R., Levison, B. S., DuGar, B., Feldstein, A. E., Britt, E. B., Fu, X., Chung, Y.-M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09922 · Cited by 5,597 · see citing works
Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk
Tang, W. H. W., Wang, Z., Levison, B. S., Koeth, R. A., Britt, E. B., Fu, X., Wu, Y., & Hazen, S. L. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1109400 · Cited by 3,402 · see citing works
Dumas, M.-E., Barton, R. H., Toye, A., Cloarec, O., Blancher, C., Rothwell, A., Fearnside, J., Tatoud, R., Blanc, V., Lindon, J. C., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601056103 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Self-citationNogal, A., Valdes, A. M., & Menni, C. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1897212 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Microbial conversion of choline to trimethylamine requires a glycyl radical enzyme
Craciun, S., & Balskus, E. P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1215689109 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
The role of the microbiome in NAFLD and NASH
Kolodziejczyk, A. A., Zheng, D., Shibolet, O., & Elinav, E. (2019) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201809302 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Trimethylamine <i>N</i> -Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease
Zeisel, S. H., & Warrier, M. (2017) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064732 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Abu-Shanab, A., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.172 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Metabolic surgery profoundly influences gut microbial–host metabolic cross-talk
Li, J. V., Ashrafian, H., Bueter, M., Kinross, J. K., Sands, C. J., le Roux, C. W., Bloom, S. R., Darzi, A. W., Athanasiou, T., Marchesi, J. R., et al. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2010.234708 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Martin, F. J., Wang, Y., Sprenger, N., Yap, I. K. S., Lundstedt, T., Lek, P., Rezzi, S., Ramadan, Z., van Bladeren, P., Fay, L. B., et al. (2008) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb4100190 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Fennema, D., Phillips, I. R., & Shephard, E. A. (2016) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.116.070615 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Colonic bacterial metabolites and human health
Russell, W. R., Hoyles, L., Flint, H. J., & Dumas, M. (2013) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.07.002 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Yang, S., Li, X., Yang, F., Zhao, R., Pan, X., Liang, J., Tian, L., Li, X., Liu, L., Xing, Y., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01360 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Mirji, G., Worth, A., Bhat, S. A., El Sayed, M., Kannan, T., Goldman, A. R., Tang, H.-Y., Liu, Q., Auslander, N., Dang, C. V., et al. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abn0704 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Food, immunity, and the microbiome
Tilg, H., & Moschen, A. R. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.036 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Rowan, S., Jiang, S., Korem, T., Szymanski, J., Chang, M.-L., Szelog, J., Cassalman, C., Dasuri, K., McGuire, C., Nagai, R., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1702302114 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Borrel, G., Brugère, J., Gribaldo, S., Schmitz, R. A., & Moissl‐Eichinger, C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-020-0407-y · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Senthong, V., Li, X. S., Hudec, T., Coughlin, J., Wu, Y., Levison, B., Wang, Z., Hazen, S. L., & Tang, W. H. W. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.546 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Martínez-del Campo, A., Bodea, S., Hamer, H. A., Marks, J. A., Haiser, H. J., Turnbaugh, P. J., & Balskus, E. P. (2015) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00042-15 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Cui, Y., Wang, Q., Chang, R., Zhou, X., & Xu, C. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00080 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Ufnal, M., Jazwiec, R., Dadlez, M., Drapala, A., Sikora, M., & Skrzypecki, J. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.09.010 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Gut microbiota in atherosclerosis: focus on trimethylamine N‐oxide
Zhu, Y., Li, Q., & Jiang, H. (2020) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/apm.13038 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Synchronous Evolution of an Odor Biosynthesis Pathway and Behavioral Response
Li, Q., Korzan, W. J., Ferrero, D. M., Chang, R. B., Roy, D. S., Buchi, M., Lemon, J. K., Kaur, A. W., Stowers, L., Fendt, M., et al. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.047 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Dumas, M., Kinross, J. K., & Nicholson, J. K. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.001 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Developing a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism
Haiser, H. J., & Turnbaugh, P. J. (2013) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.07.009 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“Since gastrointestinal microorganisms play a role in the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (a compound that is subsequently converted to TMAO in the liver; see Figure 3b) [88]; it was therefore proposed that choline-induced atherosclerotic development might be prevented if the microbes were inhibited.”
BackgroundMicrobiology Meets Big Data: The Case of Gut Microbiota–Derived Trimethylamine
Falony, G., Vieira-Silva, S., & Raes, J. (2015) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104422 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Zhou, S.-S., Xu, J., Zhu, H., Wu, J., Xu, J., Yan, R., Li, X., Liu, H.-H., Duan, S.-M., Wang, Z., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22474 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Brunt, V. E., Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Richey, J. J., Zigler, M. C., Cuevas, L. M., Gonzalez, A., Vázquez‐Baeza, Y., Battson, M. L., Smithson, A. T., Gilley, A. D., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277336 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Lin, H., An, Y., Hao, F., Wang, Y., & Tang, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21618 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Egg Phospholipids and Cardiovascular Health
Blesso, C. N. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042731 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Pelletier, C. C., Croyal, M., Ene, L., Aguesse, A., Billon‐Crossouard, S., Krempf, M., Lemoine, S., Guebre‐Egziabher, F., Juillard, L., & Soulage, C. O. (2019) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins11110635 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Impact of Gut Microbiota and Diet on the Development of Atherosclerosis in Apoe −/− Mice
Jonsson, A. L., Caesar, R., Akrami, R., Reinhardt, C., Hållenius, F. F., Borén, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2018) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.118.311233 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect?
Papandreou, C., Moré, M. I., & Bellamine, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051330 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Investigating Potential Mechanisms of Obesity by Metabolomics
Xie, B., Waters, M. J., & Schirra, H. J. (2012) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2012/805683 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Basson, A. R., Trotter, A., Rodriguez‐Palacios, A., & Cominelli, F. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00290 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Akkermansia muciniphila : is it the Holy Grail for ameliorating metabolic diseases?
Yan, J., Sheng, L., & Li, H. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1984104 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Létoffé, S., Audrain, B., Bernier, S. P., Delepierre, M., & Ghigo, J. (2014) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00944-13 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Probiotic supplementation and trimethylamine‐<i>N</i>‐oxide production following a high‐fat diet
Boutagy, N. E., Neilson, A. P., Osterberg, K. L., Smithson, A. T., Englund, T. R., Davy, B. M., Hulver, M. W., & Davy, K. P. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21212 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Tuohy, K. M., Fava, F., & Viola, R. (2014) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665113003911 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Swann, J. R., Tuohy, K. M., Lindfors, P., Brown, D. T., Gibson, G. R., Wilson, I. D., Sidaway, J. E., Nicholson, J. K., & Holmes, E. C. (2011) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr200243t · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Rahim, M. B. H. A., Chilloux, J., Martínez-Gili, L., Neves, A. L., Myridakis, A., Gooderham, N. J., & Dumas, M. (2019) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01312-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Rudzki, L., Stone, T. W., Maes, M. H. J., Misiak, B., Samochowiec, J., & Szulc, A. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110240 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Dumas, M.-E., Rothwell, A. R., Hoyles, L., Aranias, T., Chilloux, J., Calderari, S., Noll, E. M., Péan, N., Boulangé, C. L., Blancher, C., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.039 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“…al., 2006): TMA is derived from dietary choline fermentation by 138 Cell Reports 20, 136–148, July 5, 2017 commensal bacteria, and metabolized into TMAO, dimethylamine (DMA), and monomethylamine (MMA) in the liver (Figure 2D) (al-Waiz et al., 1992; Craciun and Balskus, 2012; Dolphin et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialKrüger, R., Merz, B., Rist, M. J., Ferrario, P. G., Bub, A., Kulling, S. E., & Watzl, B. (2017) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700363 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Maternal microbiota-derived metabolic profile in fetal murine intestine, brain and placenta
Pessa‐Morikawa, T., Husso, A., Kärkkäinen, O. K., Koistinen, V., Hanhineva, K., Iivanainen, A., & Niku, M. (2022) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-022-02457-6 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
A metabolic system-wide characterisation of the pig: a model for human physiology
Merrifield, C. A., Lewis, M. C., Claus, S. P., Beckonert, O. P., Dumas, M., Duncker, S. C., Kochhar, S., Rezzi, S., Lindon, J. C., Bailey, M., et al. (2011) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c1mb05023k · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Praveenraj, S. S., Sonali, S., Anand, N., Hediyal, T. A., Vichitra, C., Kalyan, M., Kanna, P. V., Chandana, K. A., Paneyala, S., Mahalakshmi, A. M., et al. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02990-5 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Jiang, C., Yang, K., Liu, Y., Miao, Z., Wang, Y., & Zhu, H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066786 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Koistinen, V., Kärkkäinen, O. K., Borewicz, K., Zarei, I., Jokkala, J., Micard, V., Rosa‐Sibakov, N., Auriola, S. O. K., Aura, A., Smidt, H., et al. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0718-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Genoni, A., Christophersen, C. T., Lo, J., Coghlan, M. L., Boyce, M. C., Bird, A. R., Lyons‐Wall, P., & Devine, A. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02036-y · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gut microbiota and systemic immunity in health and disease
Lo, B. C., Chen, G., Núñez, G., & Caruso, R. (2020) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa079 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Gut microbiota, fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Chu, H., Williams, B., & Schnabl, B. (2018) · Liver Research · doi:10.1016/j.livres.2017.11.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bluemel, S., Williams, B., Knight, R. D., & Schnabl, B. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00245.2016 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
He, Q., Tang, H., Ren, P., Kong, X., Wu, G., Yin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2011) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr200688u · Cited by 83 · see citing works
He, X., Ji, G., Jia, W. P., & Li, H. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17030300 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Metabolomics in human type 2 diabetes research
Lu, J., Xie, G., Jia, W., & Jia, W. P. (2013) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-013-0248-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Metabolic shifts due to long-term caloric restriction revealed in nonhuman primates
Rezzi, S., Martin, F., Shanmuganayagam, D., Colman, R. J., Nicholson, J. K., & Weindruch, R. H. (2009) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2009.02.008 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The gut microbiome: scourge, sentinel or spectator?
Korecka, A., & Arulampalam, V. (2012) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.3402/jom.v4i0.9367 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A complex microworld in the gut: Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease connectivity
Howitt, M. R., & Garrett, W. S. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2895 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ottiger, M., Nickler, M., Steuer, C., Bernasconi, L., Huber, A., Christ‐Crain, M., Henzen, C., Hoess, C., Thomann, R., Zimmerli, W., et al. (2017) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Trimethylamine N -oxide: heart of the microbiota–CVD nexus?
Naghipour, S., Cox, A. J., Peart, J. N., Toit, E. F. D., & Headrick, J. P. (2020) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422420000177 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Rajakovich, L. J., Fu, B., Bollenbach, M., & Balskus, E. P. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2101498118 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Urinary Metabolic Profiles of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Interleukin-10 Gene-Deficient Mice
Murdoch, T. B., Fu, H., MacFarlane, S. M., Sydora, B. C., Fedorak, R. N., & Slupsky, C. M. (2008) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac8005236 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Calorie restriction and its impact on gut microbial composition and global metabolism
Zheng, X., Wang, S., & Jia, W. (2018) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-018-0670-8 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Emerging roles of flavin monooxygenase 3 in cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis
Schugar, R. C., & Brown, J. M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000215 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Dambrova, M., Skapare‐Makarova, E., Konrade, I., Pugovics, O., Grinberga, S., Tirzite, D., Petrovska, R., Kalvins, I., & Liepins, E. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.135 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Motegi, H., Tsuboi, Y., Saga, A., Kagami, T., Inoue, M., Toki, H., Minowa, O., Noda, T., & Kikuchi, J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep15710 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chi, L., Lai, Y., Tu, P., Liu, C., Xue, J., Ru, H., & Lü, K. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp4415 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Asthma, allergy, and responses to methyl donor supplements and nutrients
Sharma, S., & Litonjua, A. A. (2013) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.039 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Martin, J., Canlet, C., Delplanque, B., Agnani, G., Lairon, D., Gottardi, G., Bencharif, K., Gripois, D., Thaminy, A., & Paris, A. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.040 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Treatments of trimethylaminuria: where we are and where we might be heading.
Schmidt, A. C., & Leroux, J. (2020) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.026 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lipid Metabolism by Gut Microbes and Atherosclerosis
Loscalzo, J. (2011) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/res.0b013e3182290620 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dynamic Metabolic Response of Mice to Acute Mequindox Exposure
Zhao, X.-J. G., Huang, C., Lei, H., Nie, X., Tang, H., & Wang, Y. (2011) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr2006457 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Tissue-wide metabolomics reveals wide impact of gut microbiota on mice metabolite composition
Zarei, I., Koistinen, V., Kokla, M., Klåvus, A., Babu, A. F., Lehtonen, M., Auriola, S. O. K., & Hanhineva, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19327-w · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Microbiota-derived metabolites: Key modulators of cancer immunotherapies
Perl, M., Fante, M. A., Herfeld, K., Scherer, J. N., Poeck, H., & Orberg, E. T. (2025) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2025.100773 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fernández-García, M., Rey-Stolle, F., Boccard, J., Reddy, V. P., Garcı́a, A., Cumming, B. M., Steyn, A. J. C., Rudaz, S. L., & Barbas, C. (2020) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00868 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kountz, D. J., Behrman, E. J., Zhang, L., & Krzycki, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra120.012934 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Merrifield, C., Lewis, M., Berger, B., Cloarec, O., Heinzmann, S., Charton, F., Krause, L., Levin, N. S., Duncker, S., Mercenier, A., et al. (2015) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.90 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Ottiger, M., Nickler, M., Steuer, C., Odermatt, J., Huber, A., Christ‐Crain, M., Henzen, C., Hoess, C., Thomann, R., Zimmerli, W., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.08.017 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wang, H., Bai, J., Chen, G., Li, W., Xiang, R., Su, G., & Pei, Y. (2013) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.026 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Prathomya, P., Prisingkorn, W., Jakovlić, I., Deng, F.-Y., Zhao, Y., & Wang, W. (2017) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-016-1158-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Metabolic Response to Oral Microcystin-LR Exposure in the Rat by NMR-Based Metabonomic Study
He, J., Chen, J., Wu, L., Li, G., & Xie, P. (2012) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr300685g · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wang, M., Xie, Z., Li, L., Chen, Y., Yuan, L., Wang, Y., Lu, B., Zhang, S., Ma, F., Ma, C., et al. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo02565g · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gut microbiota modify risk for dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration
Rowan, S., & Taylor, A. (2018) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1435247 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Backshall, A., Alferez, D., Teichert, F., Wilson, I. D., Wilkinson, R. W., Goodlad, R. A., & Keun, H. C. (2009) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr800793w · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Targeting the human gut microbiome with small-molecule inhibitors
Woo, A. Y. M., Aguilar Ramos, M. A., Narayan, R., Richards-Corke, K. C., Wang, M. L., Sandoval-Espinola, W. J., & Balskus, E. P. (2023) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-023-00471-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nickler, M., Ottiger, M., Steuer, C., Huber, A., Anderson, J. B., Müller, B., & Schüetz, P. (2015) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0283-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gong, L., Aranı́bar, N., Han, Y., Zhang, Y., Lecureux, L. W., Bhaskaran, V. M., Khandelwal, P., Klaassen, C. D., & Lehman‐McKeeman, L. D. (2011) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr114 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Dietary Modification of the Microbiome Affects Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Mendelsohn, A. R., & Larrick, J. W. (2013) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2013.1447 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tian, Y., Zhang, R., Li, G., Zeng, T., Chen, L., Xu, W., Gu, T., Tao, Z., Du, X., & Lu, L. (2023) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Krueger, E. S., Lloyd, T. S., & Tessem, J. S. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082873 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Human Gut Microbiome and Liver Diseases: From Correlation to Causation
Li, R., Mao, Z., Ye, X., & Zuo, T. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9051017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ringel, C., Dittrich, J., Gaudl, A., Schellong, P., Beuchel, C. F., Baber, R., Beutner, F., Teren, A., Engel, C., Wirkner, K., et al. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.026 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Contribution of the commensal microbiota to atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis
Kiouptsi, K., & Reinhardt, C. (2018) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14483 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Shunova, A., Böckmann, K. A., Minarski, M., Franz, A. R., Wiechers, C., Poets, C. F., & Bernhard, W. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123815 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Association between metabolic profile and microbiomic changes in rats with functional dyspepsia
Luo, L., Hu, M., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, S., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Lu, B., Xie, Z., & Liao, Q. (2018) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c8ra01432a · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Han, R., Ma, J., & Li, H. (2018) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sharma, V. K., Tan, B. Y., & Paliwal, P. R. (2019) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/aian.aian_483_19 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nutrition during pregnancy: Influence on the gut microbiome and fetal development
Barrientos, G., Ronchi, F., & Conrad, M. L. (2023) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13802 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Eisert, R., Oftedal, O., Lever, M., Ramdohr, S., Breier, B. H., & Barrell, G. K. (2005) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps300213 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Al-Waiz, M., Mikov, M., Mitchell, S. C., & Smith, R. L.
- Affiliations
- St Mary's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mitchell, S.C.
- Venue
- Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-02
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 135-136
- ISSN
- 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089502105
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- trimethylamine, gut microbiota, germ-free mice, antibiotic therapy, choline metabolism, dietary precursors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Germ-Free Life, Male, Methylamines, Mice, Inbred Strains, Neomycin, Reference Values, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review