Role of 5-HT in stress, anxiety, and depression
Abstract
There are conflicting results on the function of 5-HT in anxiety and depression. To reconcile this evidence, Deakin and Graeff have suggested that the ascending 5-HT pathway that originates in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and innervates the amygdala and frontal cortex facilitates conditioned fear, while the DRN-periventricular pathway innervating the periventricular and periaqueductal gray matter inhibits inborn fight/flight reactions to impending danger, pain, or asphyxia. To study the role of the DRN 5-HT system in anxiety, we microinjected 8-OH-DPAT into the DRN to inhibit 5-HT release. This treatment impaired inhibitory avoidance (conditioned fear) without affecting one-way escape (unconditioned fear) in the elevated T-maze, a new animal model of anxiety. We also applied three drug treatments that increase 5-HT release from DRN terminals: 1) intra-DRN microinjection of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG 4172, 2) intra-DRN microinjection of the excitatory amino acid kainic acid, and 3) intraperitoneal injection of the 5-HT releaser and uptake blocker D-fenfluramine. All treatments enhanced inhibitory avoidance in T-maze. D-Fenfluramine and intra-DRN kainate also decreased one-way escape. In healthy volunteers, D-fenfluramine and the 5-HT agonist mCPP (mainly 5-HT2C) increased, while the antagonists ritanserin (5-HT2A/2C) and SR 46349B (5-HT2A) decreased skin conductance responses to an aversively conditioned stimulus (tone). In addition, D-fenfluramine decreased, wher…
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The dorsal raphe nucleus sends 5-HT projections to the dorsal periaqueductal gray and amygdala; 5-HT in the dorsal periaqueductal gray inhibits its function and 5-HT in the amygdala potentiates its function.
“The dorsal raphe nucleus sends 5-HT projections to both the dorsal periaqueductal gray and to the amygdala, with 5-HT released in the dorsal periaqueductal gray inhibiting its function and 5-HT in the amygdala potentiating its function”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as Graeff, Guimarães, De Andrade, & Deakin, 1996
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- Authors
- Graeff, F. G., Guimarães, F. S., De Andrade, T. G. C. S., & Deakin, J. F. W.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Manchester Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Graeff, Frederico G.
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-141
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016336988
- Cited by
- 984
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 8.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acervo Digital da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Universidade Estadual Paulista) (submittedVersion)
- UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- serotonin, dorsal raphe nucleus, median raphe nucleus, anxiety, depression, fear conditioning, passive avoidance, unconditioned fear, 8-OH-DPAT, d-fenfluramine, kainic acid, mCPP, 5-HT2 receptor, skin conductance, stress-induced gastric ulcer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Serotonin, Stress, Psychological, Rats
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