Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function

Ankarcrona, Maria; Dypbukt, Jeannette M.; Bonfoco, Emanuela; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Orrenius, Sten; Lipton, Stuart A.; Nicotera, Pierluigi

doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90186-8

Cited by 1,884Cell death mechanisms and regulationMitochondrial Function and PathologyNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function

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Ankarcrona, Maria, Dypbukt, Jeannette M., Bonfoco, Emanuela, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Orrenius, Sten, Lipton, Stuart A., Nicotera, Pierluigi·1995·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90186-8

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Abstract

During ischemic brain injury, glutamate accumulation leads to overstimulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors with intracellular Ca2+ overload and neuronal cell death. Here we show that glutamate can induce either early necrosis or delayed apoptosis in cultures of cerebellar granule cells. During and shortly after exposure to glutamate, a subpopulation of neurons died by necrosis. In these cells, mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed, nuclei swelled, and intracellular debris were scattered in the incubation medium. Neurons surviving the early necrotic phase recovered mitochondrial potential and energy levels. Later, they underwent apoptosis, as shown by the formation of apoptotic nuclei and by chromatin degradation into high and low molecular weight fragments. These results suggest that mitochondrial function is a critical factor that determines the mode of neuronal death in excitotoxicity.

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Glutamate is released at a higher rate under stress, and excess synaptic glutamate can lead to excitotoxicity and neuronal death.
“To summarize briefly, glutamate is released at a higher rate under conditions of stress (Goshen and Yirmiya, 2009), and excess presence of synaptic glutamate can lead to excitotoxicity and neuronal death (Ankarcrona et al., 1995).”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Ankarcrona et al., 1995

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Author index
(2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00053-x

Authors: Ankarcrona, M., Dypbukt, J. M., Bonfoco, E., Zhivotovsky, B., Orrenius, S., Lipton, S. A., & Nicotera, P.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Harvard University (US)
University of Konstanz (DE)
ORCID: Ankarcrona, Maria
Zhivotovsky, Boris
Lipton, Stuart A.
Nicotera, Pierluigi
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-10
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 961-973
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90186-8
OpenAlex: W1996568613
Cited by: 1,884
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 30.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6499 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Vetenskapsrådet
National Eye Institute (R01 EY09024, R01EY009024)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD29587, P01HD029587)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: glutamate excitotoxicity, neuronal cell death, necrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial function, cerebellar granule cells, calcium overload, glutamate receptors, ischemic brain injury, chromatin degradation, energy metabolism
MeSH terms: Animals, Cerebellum, Chromatin, DNA, Membrane Potentials, Mitochondria, Molecular Weight, Necrosis, Neurons, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Apoptosis, Glutamic Acid, Rats

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Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function

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