The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia
Abstract
Reductions in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) result from diets containing almonds, or diets that are either low in saturated fat or high in viscous fibers, soy proteins, or plant sterols. We have therefore combined all of these interventions in a single diet (portfolio diet) to determine whether cholesterol reductions could be achieved of similar magnitude to those reported in recent statin trials which reduced cardiovascular events. Twenty-five hyperlipidemic subjects consumed either a portfolio diet (n=13), very low in saturated fat and high in plant sterols (1.2 g/1,000 kcal), soy protein (16.2 g/1,000 kcal), viscous fibers (8.3 g/1,000 kcal), and almonds (16.6 g/1,000 kcal), or a low-saturated fat diet (n=12) based on whole-wheat cereals and low-fat dairy foods. Fasting blood, blood pressure, and body weight were obtained at weeks 0, 2, and 4 of each phase. LDL-C was reduced by 12.1% +/- 2.4% (P<.001) on the low-fat diet and by 35.0% +/- 3.1% (P<.001) on the portfolio diet, which also reduced the ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly (30.0% +/- 3.5%; P<.001). The reductions in LDL-C and the LDL:HDL-C ratio were both significantly lower on the portfolio diet than on the control diet (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively). Mean weight loss was similar on test and control diets (1.0 kg and 0.9 kg, respectively). No difference was seen in blood pressure, HDL-C, serum triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], or homocysteine concentr…
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The LDL-C lowering effect of the Portfolio dietary pattern components was additive when combined as part of the dietary pattern.
“Controlled feeding trials of the portfolio dietary pattern demonstrated that each of the components had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of 5-10% [14][15][16][17][18] and that the effect was additive when combined as part of this dietary pattern.[8][9][10][11][12][13]”
From Portfolio Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
The LDL-C lowering effect of 5-10% of each of the 4 core food components can be considered additive.
“These data provide confirmation that the LDL-C lowering effect of 5-10% [14][15][16][17][18] of each of the 4 core food components can be considered additive, [8][9][10][11][12][13]”
From Portfolio Dietary Pattern and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
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Self-citationAlmonds Inhibit Dyslipidemia and Vascular Dysfunction in Rats through Multiple Pathways
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Effect on hematologic risk factors for coronary heart disease of a cholesterol reducing diet
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Self-citationAssociation of portfolio diet score with breast cancer risk: insights from a case-control analysis
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Marchie, A., Faulkner, D., Vidgen, E., Lapsley, K. G., Trautwein, E. A., Parker, T. L., Josse, R. G., Leiter, L. A., & Connelly, P. W.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Almond Board of California (US)
- Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Jenkins, David J.A
- Venue
- Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1478-1483
- ISSN
- 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146648965
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- hypercholesterolemia, Portfolio diet, phytosterols, soy protein, almond, LDL cholesterol lowering, low saturated fat diet, dietary therapy, statin alternatives, weight loss, blood pressure, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Dietary, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Erythrocyte Deformability, Female, Food Preferences, Homocysteine, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemias, Male, Middle Aged, Phytosterols, Risk Factors, Satiety Response, Prunus, Soybean Proteins
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