Developmental shifts in fMRI activations during visuospatial relational reasoning
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To investigate maturational plasticity of fluid cognition systems, functional brain imaging was undertaken in healthy 8-19 year old participants while completing visuospatial relational reasoning problems similar to Raven's matrices and current elementary grade math textbooks. Analyses revealed that visuospatial relational reasoning across this developmental age range recruited activations in the superior parietal cortices most prominently, the dorsolateral prefrontal, occipital-temporal, and premotor/supplementary cortices, the basal ganglia, and insula. There were comparable activity volumes in left and right hemispheres for nearly all of these regions. Regression analyses indicated increasing activity predominantly in the superior parietal lobes with developmental age. In contrast, multiple anterior neural systems showed significantly less activity with age, including dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal, paracentral, and insula cortices bilaterally, basal ganglia, and particularly large clusters in the midline anterior cingulate/medial frontal cortex, left middle cingulate/supplementary motor cortex, left insula-putamen, and left caudate. Findings suggest that neuromaturational changes associated with visuospatial relational reasoning shift from a more widespread fronto-cingulate-striatal pattern in childhood to predominant parieto-frontal activation pattern in late adolescence.
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On relatively simple relational reasoning tasks, younger children show increased prefrontal cortex activity relative to older children.
“On relatively simple relational reasoning tasks, children at younger ages show increased levels of activity in PFC relative to children at older ages”
From School Readiness and Self-Regulation: A Developmental Psychobiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as Eslinger et al. 2009
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- Authors
- Eslinger, P. J., Blair, C., Wang, J., Lipovsky, B., Realmuto, J., Baker, D., Thorne, S., Gamson, D., Zimmerman, E., Rohrer, L., & Yang, Q. X.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eslinger, Paul J.
- Venue
- Brain and Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 0278-2626 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8341093
- OpenAlex
- W1981312687
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (1-R01-EB00454-01A1, R01EB000454)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Keywords
- cognitive development, fluid intelligence, superior parietal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, insula, supplementary motor area, hemispheric lateralization, adolescence, childhood, Raven's Progressive Matrices, mathematical problem solving
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Problem Solving, Linear Models, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Young Adult
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