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Cited by 180Exercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and TrainingMuscle and Compartmental Disorders

Muscle damage is linked to cytokine changes following a 160-km race

Nieman, David C., Dumke, Charles L., Henson, Dru A., McAnulty, Steven R., Gross, Sarah J., Lind, Robert H.·2005·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.03.008
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Abstract

Muscle damage and perceived soreness following the 160-km Western States Endurance Run were related to changes in plasma cytokines and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Subjects included 60 ultramarathoners (mean+/-SE, age 45.3 +/- 1.1 years) who finished the race in under 30 h (26.3 +/- 0.4 h). Blood samples were collected the morning prior to and immediately following the race, and subjects recorded muscle soreness during the week following the race using a 10-point Likert scale (DOMS). Seven plasma cytokines were measured including IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-1ra, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta). Cytokine changes were compared between NSAID users and nonusers, and correlated with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and DOMS. Significant increases were measured for all seven cytokines, with the greatest fold increases seen for IL-6 (125x), IL-10 (24x), and G-CSF (12x). CPK was correlated with changes in IL-6, G-CSF, IL-10, IL-1ra, and MCP-1 (r = .49-.68), (P < .001), but not IL-8 or MIP-1beta. DOMS averaged 7.1 +/- 0.3 the day after the race, and 5.0 +/- 0.3, 2.5 +/- 0.2, and 1.6 +/- 0.1 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days post-race, respectively, and each was correlated with CPK (r = .40-.63, P < .001) and changes in IL-6, G-CSF, IL-10, and MCP-1 (r = .28-.77, P < .05). A comparison of NSAID users (72% of athletes) and nonusers showed no differences in CPK or DOMS, but did reveal greater increases in five of seven cytokines in the NSAID users (P < .05). In conclusion, muscle damage in athletes competing in a 160-km race was significantly correlated with post-race DOMS and increases in five of seven cytokines. NSAID users did not experience a reduction in muscle damage or DOMS, but did have higher post-race plasma levels in five of seven cytokines.

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Authors
Nieman, D. C., Dumke, C. L., Henson, D. A., McAnulty, S. R., Gross, S. J., & Lind, R. H.
Affiliations
Appalachian State University (US)
Corresponding author
Nieman, David C.
ORCID
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-09
Volume
19
Issue
5
Pages
398-403
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2005.03.008
OpenAlex
W2078775665
Cited by
180
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
FWCI
10.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Muscle and Compartmental Disorders
Keywords
muscle damage, cytokines, delayed onset muscle soreness, ultramarathon, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, interleukin-6, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, creatine kinase, plasma cytokines, endurance athletes, MCP-1, MIP-1β
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Blood Cell Count, Blood Volume, Body Composition, Creatine Kinase, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Endurance, Running, Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Muscle, Skeletal

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