Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this randomized study was to measure the influence of vitamin C ( n = 15 runners) compared with placebo ( n = 13 runners) supplementation on oxidative and immune changes in runners competing in an ultramarathon race. During the 7-day period before the race and on race day, subjects ingested in randomized, double-blind fashion 1,500 mg/day vitamin C or placebo. On race day, blood samples were collected 1 h before race, after 32 km of running, and then again immediately after race. Subjects in both groups maintained an intensity of ∼75% maximal heart rate throughout the ultramarathon race and ran a mean of 69 km (range: 48–80 km) in 9.8 h (range: 5–12 h). Plasma ascorbic acid was markedly higher in the vitamin C compared with placebo group prerace and rose more strongly in the vitamin C group during the race (postrace: 3.21 ± 0.29 and 1.28 ± 0.12 μg/100 μl, respectively, P < 0.001). No significant group or interaction effects were measured for lipid hydroperoxide, F 2-isoprostane, immune cell counts, plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1-receptor antagonist, or IL-8 concentrations, or mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-γ production. These data indicate that vitamin C supplementation in carbohydrate-fed runners does not serve as a countermeasure to oxidative and immune changes during or after a competitive ultramarathon race.
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A relatively high dose of vitamin C (1500 mg·d−1) for 7 days prior to a 50 mile single-stage race failed to induce group differences in oxidative or immune responses.
“For example, a relatively high dose of vitamin C (1500 mg·d− 1) for 7 days prior to a 50 mile (80 km) single-stage race (The Umstead race; NC, USA) failed to induce any group differences in oxidative or immune responses, including lipid hyrdroperoxide and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 [171].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [171]
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Antioxidants Do Not Prevent Postexercise Peroxidation and May Delay Muscle Recovery
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Self-citationDietary supplements for football
Hespel, P., Maughan, R., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500482974 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Davison, G., Callister, R., Williamson, G., Cooper, K., & Gleeson, M. (2011) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0193-4 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Self-citationMicronutrients and athletic performance: A review
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The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations
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Dietary thiols in exercise: oxidative stress defence, exercise performance, and adaptation
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Can Nutrition Limit Exercise-Induced Immunodepression?
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Effect of Vitamin C Supplements on Physical Performance
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No Indications of Persistent Oxidative Stress in Response to an Ironman Triathlon
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Changes in free radical generation and antioxidant capacity during ultramarathon foot race
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Self-citationConsumption of blueberry polyphenols reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress compared to vitamin C
McAnulty, S. R., McAnulty, L. S., Nieman, D. C., Dumke, C. L., Morrow, J. D., Utter, A. C., Henson, D. A., Proulx, W. R., & George, G. L. (2004) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2003.10.003 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of n-3 Fatty Acids and Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress after Exercise
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Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events
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Review of the health effects of berries and their phytochemicals on the digestive and immune systems
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Effect of resistance exercise and carbohydrate ingestion on oxidative stress
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Nutritional and Physical Activity Interventions to Improve Immunity
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Insulin-like 6 Is Induced by Muscle Injury and Functions as a Regenerative Factor
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Blood Oxidative Stress Markers After Ultramarathon Swimming
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- Authors
- Nieman, D. C., Henson, D. A., McAnulty, S. R., McAnulty, L., Swick, N. S., Utter, A. C., Vinci, D. M., Opiela, S. J., & Morrow, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Appalachian State University (US)
- Departments of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, and Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608;
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2002-05-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1970-1977
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2154060532
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- libres.uncg.edu
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Appalachian State University
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (26657, GM 15431)
- National Cancer Institute (CA77839, P01CA077839)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 15431)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-26657, DK 48831, P30DK026657, R01DK048831)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- vitamin C supplementation, ultramarathon, exercise-induced oxidative stress, exercise immunology, lipid peroxidation, F2-isoprostanes, interleukin-6, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-8, lymphocyte proliferation, plasma ascorbic acid, endurance athletes
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Ascorbic Acid, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Physical Exertion, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Immune System, Insulin, Leukocyte Count, Lipid Peroxides, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Running, Uric Acid, Cytokines, Dietary Supplements, F2-Isoprostanes
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