Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,005

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dyslexia (Specific Reading Disability)

Open access
Shaywitz, Sally E., Shaywitz, Bennett A.·2005·Biological Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 12 references

Research works printed but not linked: 66

  1. Ben-Dror, 1991, Word identification in isolation and in context by college dyslexic students, Brain Lang, 40, 471, 10.1016/0093-934X(91)90144-P · DOI
  2. Berninger, 2001, Language phenotype for reading and writing disability, Scientific Studies of Reading, 5, 59, 10.1207/S1532799XSSR0501_3 · DOI
  3. Brown, 2001, Preliminary evidence of widespread morphological variations of the brain in dyslexia, Neurology, 56, 781, 10.1212/WNL.56.6.781 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Bruck, 1992, Persistence of dyslexics’ phonological awareness deficits, Dev Psychol, 28, 874, 10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.874 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Brunswick, 1999, Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics, Brain, 122, 1901, 10.1093/brain/122.10.1901 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Cohen, 2000, The visual word form area, Brain, 123, 291, 10.1093/brain/123.2.291 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Dehaene, 2001, Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming, Nat Neurosci, 4, 752, 10.1038/89551 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Dejerine, 1891, Sur un cas de cécité verbale avec agraphie, suivi d’autopsie, C. R. Société du Biologie, 43, 197
  9. Dejerine, 1892, Contribution a l’etude anatomo-pathologique et clinique des differentes varietes de cecite verbale, Memoires de la Societe de Biologie, 4, 61
  10. Demb, 1998, Functional magnetic resonance imaging of early visual pathways in dyslexia, J Neurosci, 18, 6939, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06939.1998 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Eden, 1996, Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging, Nature, 382, 66, 10.1038/382066a0 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Eliez, 2000, Morphological alteration of temporal lobe gray matter in dyslexia, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 41, 637, 10.1111/1469-7610.00650 · DOI
  13. Felton, 1990, Neuropsychological profile of adult dyslexics, Brain Lang, 39, 485, 10.1016/0093-934X(90)90157-C · DOI · Paper page
  14. Fiez, 1998, Neuroimaging studies of word reading, PNAS, 95, 914, 10.1073/pnas.95.3.914 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Fisher, 2002, Developmental dyslexia, Nat Rev Neurosci, 3, 767, 10.1038/nrn936 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Fletcher, 1994, Cognitive profiles of reading disability, J Ed Psychol, 86, 6, 10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.6 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.6 · Paper page
  17. Fletcher, 1997, The functional anatomy of episodic memory, Trends Neurosci, 20, 213, 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)01013-2 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Francis, 1996, Developmental lag versus deficit models of reading disability, J Ed Psychol, 88, 3, 10.1037/0022-0663.88.1.3 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Frith, 1983, Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 329, 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x · DOI · Paper page
  20. Galaburda, 1994, Evidence for aberrant auditory anatomy in developmental dyslexia, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 8010, 10.1073/pnas.91.17.8010 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Galaburda, 1985, Developmental dyslexia, Ann Neurol, 18, 222, 10.1002/ana.410180210 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Geschwind, 1965, Disconnection syndromes in animals and man, Brain, 88, 237, 10.1093/brain/88.2.237 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Horwitz, 1998, Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 8939, 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8939 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Klingberg, 2000, Microstructure of temporo-parietal white matter as a basis for reading ability, Neuron, 25, 493, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80911-3 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Livingstone, 1991, Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88, 7943, 10.1073/pnas.88.18.7943 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Lovegrove, 1980, Specific reading disability, Science, 210, 439, 10.1126/science.7433985 · DOI · Paper page
  27. MacLeod, 1998, Right anterior prefrontal cortex activation during semantic monitoring and working memory, NeuroImage, 7, 41, 10.1006/nimg.1997.0308 · DOI
  28. McIntosh, 1996, Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares, NeuroImage, 3, 143, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0016 · DOI · Paper page
  29. McIntosh, 1997, Differential functional connectivity of prefrontal and medial temporal cortices during episodic memory retrieval, Hum Brain Map, 5, 323, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:4<323::AID-HBM20>3.0.CO;2-D · DOI
  30. Morgan, 1896, A case of congenital word blindness, BMJ, 2, 378
  31. Morris, 1998, Subtypes of reading disability, J Ed Psychol, 90, 347, 10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.347 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.347 · Paper page
  32. Nation, 1998, Semantic processing and the development of word recognition skills, J Mem Lang, 39, 85, 10.1006/jmla.1998.2564 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Nicolson, 1990, Automaticity, Cognition, 35, 159, 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90013-A · DOI · Paper page
  34. Nicolson, 2001, Developmental dyslexia, Trends Neurosci, 24, 508, 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01896-8 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Papanicolaou, 2003, Brain mechanisms for reading in children with and without dyslexia, Dev Neuropsychol, 24, 593, 10.1080/87565641.2003.9651912 · DOI
  36. Price, 1996, The effect of varying stimulus rate and duration on brain activity during reading, NeuroImage, 3, 40, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0005 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Ramus, 2003, Theories of developmental dyslexia, Brain, 126, 841, 10.1093/brain/awg076 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Richards, 2000, Effects of a phonologically driven treatment for dyslexia on lactate levels measured by proton MRI spectroscopic imaging, Am J Neuroradiol, 21, 916
  39. Rumsey, 1992, Failure to activate the left temporoparietal cortex in dyslexia, Arch Neurol, 49, 527, 10.1001/archneur.1992.00530290115020 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Salmelin, 1996, Impaired visual word processing in dyslexia revealed with magnetoencephalography, Ann Neurol, 40, 157, 10.1002/ana.410400206 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Scarborough, 1990, Very early language deficits in dyslexic children, Child Dev, 61, 1728, 10.2307/1130834 · DOI
  42. Seki, 2001, A functional magnetic resonance imaging study during sentence reading in Japanese dyslexic children, Brain Dev, 23, 312, 10.1016/S0387-7604(01)00228-5 · DOI
  43. Shankweiler, 1995, Cognitive profiles of reading-disabled children, Psychol Sci, 6, 149, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00324.x · DOI · Paper page
  44. Shankweiler, 1979, The speech code and learning to read, J Exp Psychol, 5, 531
  45. Share, 1995, Cognitive processes in early reading development, Iss Educ, 1, 1
  46. Shaywitz, 2004, Development of left occipito-temporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically-based intervention, Biol Psychiatry, 55, 926, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.019 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Shaywitz, 1995, A Matthew effect for IQ but not for reading, Read Res Quart, 30, 894, 10.2307/748203 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Shaywitz, 2002, Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia, Biol Psychiatry, 52, 101, 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01365-3 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Shaywitz, 1998, Current Concepts, N Engl J Med, 338, 307, 10.1056/NEJM199801293380507 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Shaywitz, 2003, Dyslexia, Pediatr Rev, 24, 147, 10.1542/pir.24-5-147 · DOI
  51. Shaywitz, 1996, Dyslexia, Sci Am, 275, 98, 10.1038/scientificamerican1196-98 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Shaywitz, 1992, Evidence that dyslexia may represent the lower tail of a normal distribution of reading ability, N Engl J Med, 326, 145, 10.1056/NEJM199201163260301 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Shaywitz, 1999, Persistence of dyslexia, Pediatrics, 104, 1351, 10.1542/peds.104.6.1351 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Shaywitz, 1990, Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls, JAMA, 264, 998, 10.1001/jama.1990.03450080084036 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Shaywitz, 2003, Neural systems for compensation and persistence, Bio Psychiatry, 54, 25, 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01836-X · DOI · Paper page
  56. Snowling, 2000, Is preschool language impairment a risk factor for dyslexia in adolescence, J Child Psychol Psychiat, 41, 587, 10.1111/1469-7610.00651 · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00651 · Paper page
  57. Stanovich, 1994, Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities, J Ed Psychol, 86, 24, 10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.24 · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.24 · Paper page
  58. Stein, 2003, Visual motion sensitivity and reading, Neuropsychologia, 41, 1785, 10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00179-9 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Stein, 1997, To see but not to read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia, Trends Neurosci, 20, 147, 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)01005-3 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Tallal, 1980, Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children, Brain Lang, 9, 182, 10.1016/0093-934X(80)90139-X · DOI · Paper page
  61. Tallal, 2000, The science of literacy, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, 2402, 10.1073/pnas.97.6.2402 · DOI
  62. Tallal, 1993, Neurobiological basis of speech, Ann NY Acad Sci, 682, 27, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22957.x · DOI · Paper page
  63. Temple, 2003, Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation, PNAS, 100, 2860, 10.1073/pnas.0030098100 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Temple, 2000, Disruption of the neural response to rapid acoustic stimuli in dyslexia, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97, 13907, 10.1073/pnas.240461697 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Torgesen, 2001, Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities, J Learn. Disabil, 34, 33, 10.1177/002221940103400104 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Wadsworth, 2000, Differential Genetic Etiology of Reading Disability as a Function of IQ, J Learn Disabil, 33, 192, 10.1177/002221940003300207 · DOI

Cited by

See all 1,005

Metadata

Authors
Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A.
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-06
Volume
57
Issue
11
Pages
1301-1309
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043
OpenAlex
W2055950488
Cited by
1,005
References
12
FWCI
51.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dyslexia (Specific Reading Disability). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043
The paper
Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2005). Dyslexia (Specific Reading Disability). Biological Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.