Cited by 150Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesAlgal biology and biofuel productionBiodiesel Production and Applications

Thermochemical Catalytic Liquefaction of the Marine Microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta and Characterization of Bio-oils

Zou, Shuping, Wu, Yulong, Yang, Mingde, Li, Chun, Tong, Junmao·2009·Energy & Fuels

Abstract

Thermochemical catalytic liquefaction (TCL) of the marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta was performed in ethylene glycol acidified with H 2 SO 4 as a catalyst. The mathematical model for predicting the liquefaction yield was set up by a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface analysis (RSA). A total of 23 individual experiments were conducted to study the effect of H 2 SO 4 concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the liquidation yield. From a regression analysis, the conversion yield of microalgae cells into liquid is simply expressed as a function of the operating variables by polynomial containing quadratic terms. The highest liquefaction yield of microalgae would be 97.05%, at the following optimized reaction conditions: an amount of added H 2 SO 4 of 2.4%, and a reaction temperature of 170 °C, with a 33 min reaction time. To put bio-oils into wide application, the various physical and chemical characteristics of bio-oils at the conditions of the maximum product yields were determined, and the detailed chemical compositional analysis of bio-oils was performed by various spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR), and gas chromatography − mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The bio-oils were composed of benzofuranone, fatty acid methyl ester, and fatty acid hydroxyethyl ester, with a long chain from C 14 to C 18 . These bio-oils were presented as an environmentally friendly feedstock candidate for biofuels and chemicals.

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Crossref · 10.1021/ef9000105

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Authors
Zou, S., Wu, Y., Yang, M., Li, C., & Tong, J.
Affiliations
Shihezi University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Wu, Yulong
  • Yang, Mingde
Venue
Energy & Fuels
Published
2009-07-16
Volume
23
Issue
7
Pages
3753-3758
ISSN
  • 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5029
OpenAlex
W2077241559
Cited by
150
References
212
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
FWCI
4.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
Keywords
Dunaliella tertiolecta, marine microalgae, bio-oil, sulfuric acid catalyst, ethylene glycol, bio-oil composition, fatty acid methyl esters, benzofuranone, biofuel feedstock, central composite rotatable design, response surface analysis

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