Recirculating Intestinal IgA-Producing Cells Regulate Neuroinflammation via IL-10
Open accessAbstract
Plasma cells (PC) are found in the CNS of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, yet their source and role in MS remains unclear. We find that some PC in the CNS of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) originate in the gut and produce immunoglobulin A (IgA). Moreover, we show that IgA+ PC are dramatically reduced in the gut during EAE, and likewise, a reduction in IgA-bound fecal bacteria is seen in MS patients during disease relapse. Removal of plasmablast (PB) plus PC resulted in exacerbated EAE that was normalized by the introduction of gut-derived IgA+ PC. Furthermore, mice with an over-abundance of IgA+ PB and/or PC were specifically resistant to the effector stage of EAE, and expression of interleukin (IL)-10 by PB plus PC was necessary and sufficient to confer resistance. Our data show that IgA+ PB and/or PC mobilized from the gut play an unexpected role in suppressing neuroinflammation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
IL-10- and IgA-producing plasma cells have a role in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and correlate with relapse in multiple sclerosis patients.
“In the recent milestone study from the groups of Gommerman J. and Baranzini SE., IL-10- and IgA-producing plasma cells have been suggested to have a role in ameliorating EAE in mice and to correlate with relapse in MS patients (151).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [151]
Multiple sclerosis patients during active relapse had less IgA specific for intestinal bacteria compared to patients in remission, suggesting the capacity of IgA-producing cells to migrate from the gut to the central nervous system during disease relapses.
“Remarkably, MS patients during active relapse had less IgA specific for intestinal bacteria compared to patients in remission, suggesting the capacity of IgA-producing cells to migrate from the gut to the central nervous system during disease relapses, as in the mouse system (151).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [151]
Commensal-reactive IgA-producing cells expressed IL-10, and production of IL-10 (partially together with iNOS, but not IgA itself) was essential to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
“Briefly, commensal-reactive IgA-producing cells expressed IL-10, and the production of IL-10 (partially together with iNOS, but not IgA itself) was essential to ameliorate EAE (151).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [151]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
Kurtzke, J. F. (1983) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444 · Cited by 15,011 · see citing works
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Banwell, B., Clanet, M., Cohen, J. A., Filippi, M., Fujihara, K., Havrdova, E., Hutchinson, M., Kappos, L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22366 · Cited by 9,802 · see citing works
New Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypic Classification
LUBLIN, F. D. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000367614 · Cited by 4,260 · see citing works
B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Hauser, S. L., Waubant, E., Arnold, D. L., Vollmer, T., Antel, J., Fox, R. J., Bar-Or, A., Panzara, M., Sarkar, N., Agarwal, S., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706383 · Cited by 2,439 · see citing works
The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells
Nutt, S. L., Hodgkin, P. D., Tarlinton, D. M., & Corcoran, L. M. (2015) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3795 · Cited by 1,446 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Palm, N. W., de Zoete, M. R., Cullen, T. W., Barry, N. A., Stefanowski, J., Hao, L., Degnan, P. H., Hu, J., Peter, I., Zhang, W., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.006 · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Shen, P., Roch, T., Lampropoulou, V., O’Connor, R. A., Stervbo, U., Hilgenberg, E., Ries, S., Dang, V. D., Jaimes, Y., Daridon, C., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12979 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Cekanaviciute, E., Yoo, B. B., Runia, T. F., Debelius, J. W., Singh, S., Nelson, C., Kanner, R., Bencosme, Y., Lee, Y. K., Hauser, S. L., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1711235114 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Quantifying Memory CD8 T Cells Reveals Regionalization of Immunosurveillance
Steinert, E. M., Schenkel, J. M., Fraser, K. A., Beura, L. K., Manlove, L. S., Igyártó, B. Z., Southern, P. J., & Masopust, D. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.031 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Immunosuppressive plasma cells impede T-cell-dependent immunogenic chemotherapy
Shalapour, S., Font-Burgada, J., Di Caro, G., Zhong, Z., Sanchez-Lopez, E., Dhar, D., Willimsky, G., Ammirante, M., Strasner, A., Hansel, D. E., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14395 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity
Shalapour, S., Lin, X.-J., Bastian, I. N., Brain, J., Burt, A. D., Aksenov, A. A., Vrbanac, A. F., Li, W., Perkins, A., Matsutani, T., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24302 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Interleukin-10-producing plasmablasts exert regulatory function in autoimmune inflammation.
Matsumoto, M., Baba, A., Yokota, T., Nishikawa, H., Ohkawa, Y., Kayama, H., Kallies, A., Nutt, S., Sakaguchi, S., Takeda, K., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.016 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Memory B Cells Activate Brain-Homing, Autoreactive CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
Jelčić, I., Nimer, F. A., Wang, J., Lentsch, V., Planas, R., Jelčić, I., Madjovski, A., Ruhrmann, S., Faigle, W., Frauenknecht, K. B. M., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.011 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Ochoa-Repáraz, J., Mielcarz, D. W., Wang, Y., Begum-Haque, S., Dasgupta, S., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2010) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2010.29 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
B cells populating the multiple sclerosis brain mature in the draining cervical lymph nodes
Stern, J. N. H., Yaari, G., Heiden, J. A. V., Church, G. M., Donahue, W. F., Hintzen, R. Q., Huttner, A. J., Laman, J. D., Nagra, R. M., Nylander, A. N., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008879 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Tomura, M., Yoshida, N., Tanaka, J., Karasawa, S., Miwa, Y., Miyawaki, A., & Kanagawa, O. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802278105 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Innate Response Activator B Cells Protect Against Microbial Sepsis
Rauch, P. J., Chudnovskiy, A., Robbins, C. S., Weber, G. F., Etzrodt, M., Hilgendorf, I., Tiglao, E., Figueiredo, J., Iwamoto, Y., Theurl, I., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1215173 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Mechanisms that determine plasma cell lifespan and the duration of humoral immunity
Amanna, I. J., & Slifka, M. K. (2010) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00912.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Kappos, L., Hartung, H., Freedman, M. S., Boyко, A., Radue, E. W., Mikol, D. D., Lamarine, M., Hyvert, Y., Freudensprung, U., Plitz, T., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70028-6 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Host-Protozoan Interactions Protect from Mucosal Infections through Activation of the Inflammasome
Chudnovskiy, A., Mortha, A., Kana, V., Kennard, A., Ramirez, J. D., Rahman, A., Remark, R., Mogno, I., Ng, R., Gnjatic, S., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.076 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationMultifunctional role of the transcription factor Blimp-1 in coordinating plasma cell differentiation
Minnich, M., Tagoh, H., Bönelt, P., Axelsson, E., Fischer, M., Cebolla, B., Tarakhovsky, A., Nutt, S. L., Jaritz, M., & Busslinger, M. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3349 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Viladomiu, M., Kivolowitz, C., Abdulhamid, A., Dogan, B., Victorio, D., Castellanos, J. G., Woo, V., Teng, F., Tran, N. L., Sczesnak, A., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9655 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Mice overexpressing BAFF develop a commensal flora–dependent, IgA-associated nephropathy
McCarthy, D. D., Kujawa, J., Wilson, C. B., Papandile, A., Poreci, U., Porfilio, E. A., Ward, L. A., Lawson, M. A., Macpherson, A. J., McCoy, K. D., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci45563 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
LAG-3 Inhibitory Receptor Expression Identifies Immunosuppressive Natural Regulatory Plasma Cells
Lino, A. C., Dang, V. D., Lampropoulou, V., Welle, A., Joedicke, J. J., Pohar, J., Simon, Q., Thalmensi, J., Baures, A., Flühler, V., et al. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.06.007 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Changes in B- and T-Lymphocyte and Chemokine Levels With Rituximab Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis
Piccio, L. M., Naismith, R. T., Trinkaus, K. M., Klein, R. S., Parks, B. J., Lyons, J., & Cross, A. H. (2010) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.99 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Blood-borne human plasma cells in steady state are derived from mucosal immune responses
Mei, H. E., Yoshida, T., Sime, W., Hiepe, F., Thiele, K., Manz, R. A., Radbruch, A., & Dörner, T. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-153544 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Regulation of AID expression in the immune response
Crouch, E. E., Li, Z., Takizawa, M., Fichtner‐Feigl, S., Gourzi, P., Montaño, C., Feigenbaum, L., Wilson, P. C., Janz, S., Papavasiliou, F. N., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20061952 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Commensal Microbes Induce Serum IgA Responses that Protect against Polymicrobial Sepsis
Wilmore, J. R., Gaudette, B. T., Gómez, D., Hashemi, T., Jones, D. D., Gardner, C. A., Cole, S. D., Misic, A. M., Beiting, D. P., & Allman, D. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.005 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Pikor, N. B., Astarita, J. L., Summers-Deluca, L., Galicia, G., Qu, J., Ward, L. A., Armstrong, S., Dominguez, C. X., Malhotra, D., Heiden, B., et al. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.010 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Exacerbated in Mice Lacking the NOS2 Gene
Fenyk-Melody, J. E., Garrison, A. E., Brunnert, S. R., Weidner, J. R., Shen, F. H., Shelton, B. A., & Mudgett, J. S. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.2940 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Tak, P. P., Thurlings, R. M., Rossier, C., Nestorov, I. A., Dimic, A., Mircetić, V., Rischmueller, M., Nasonov, E. L., Шмидт, Е., Emery, P., et al. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23178 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Nouri, M., Bredberg, A. C. A., Weström, B. R., & Lavasani, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106335 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Acquisition of a multifunctional IgA+ plasma cell phenotype in the gut
Fritz, J. H., Rojas, O. L., Simard, N. N., McCarthy, D. D., Hapfelmeier, S., Rubino, S. J., Robertson, S. J., Larijani, M., Gosselin, J., Ivanov, I. I., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10698 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The establishment of the plasma cell survival niche in the bone marrow
Chu, V. T., & Berek, C. (2012) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12011 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Spath, S., Komuczki, J., Hermann, M., Pelczar, P., Mair, F., Schreiner, B., & Becher, B. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.007 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Pracht, K., Meinzinger, J., Daum, P., Schulz, S. R., Reimer, D., Hauke, M., Roth, E. A., Mielenz, D., Berek, C., Côrte‐Real, J., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201747019 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Buscarinu, M. C., Cerasoli, B., Annibali, V., Policano, C., Lionetto, L., Capi, M., Mechelli, R., Romano, S., Fornasiero, A., Mattei, G., et al. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458516652498 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Lemke, A., Kraft, M., Roth, K., Riedel, R., Lammerding, D., & Hauser, A. E. (2015) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2015.38 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Kadowaki, A., Miyake, S., Saga, R., Chiba, A., Mochizuki, H., & Yamamura, T. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11639 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Immunity to Rotavirus Infection in Mice
Franco, M. A., & Greenberg, H. B. (1999) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/314805 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Kappos, L., D’Souza, M., Lechner‐Scott, J., & Lienert, C. (2015) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2015.04.001 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Youngman, K. R., Franco, M. A., Kuklin, N. A., Rott, L. S., Butcher, E. C., & Greenberg, H. B. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2173 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sergott, R. C., Bennett, J. L., Rieckmann, P., Montalbán, X., Mikol, D. D., Freudensprung, U., Plitz, T., & van Beek, J. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.02.019 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Jaimes, M. C., Rojas, O. L., Kunkel, E. J., Lazarus, N. H., Soler, D. F., Butcher, E. C., Bass, D. M., Ángel, J., Franco, M. A., & Greenberg, H. B. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.20.10967-10976.2004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Iverson, G. M., von Mühlen, C. A., Staub, H. L., Lassen, A. J., Binder, W. L., & Norman, G. L. (2006) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2006.09.007 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
BAFF Promotes Th17 Cells and Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Zhou, X., Xia, Z., Lan, Q., Wang, J., Su, W., Han, Y.-P., Fan, H., Liu, Z., Stohl, W., & Zheng, S. G. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023629 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria during chronic HIV-1 infection
Haas, A., Zimmermann, K., Graw, F., Slack, E. M. C., Rusert, P., Ledergerber, B., Bossart, W., Weber, R. K., Thurnheer, M. C., Battegay, M., et al. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2010.224774 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cunningham, C. R., Champhekar, A. S., Tullius, M. V., Dillon, B. J., Zhen, A., la Fuente, J. R. O. D., Herskovitz, J., Elsaesser, H. J., Snell, L. M., Wilson, E. B., et al. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005356 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The chronically inflamed central nervous system provides niches for long-lived plasma cells
Pollok, K., Mothes, R., Ulbricht, C., Liebheit, A., Gerken, J., Uhlmann, S., Paul, F., Niesner, R. A., Radbruch, H., & Hauser, A. E. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-017-0487-8 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Plasma Cell Homeostasis: The Effects of Chronic Antigen Stimulation and Inflammation
Slocombe, T., Brown, S. L., Miles, K., Gray, M., Barr, T. A., & Gray, D. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301163 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works
Persistence of serum and saliva antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in COVID-19 patients
Isho, B., Abe, K. T., Zuo, M., Jamal, A. J., Rathod, B., Wang, J. H., Li, Z., Chao, G., Rojas, O. L., Bang, Y. M., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abe5511 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis
Agirman, G., Yu, K. B., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abi6087 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology
Rutsch, A., Kantsjö, J. B., & Ronchi, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.604179 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
B cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances and mechanistic insights
Lee, D. S. W., Rojas, O. L., & Gommerman, J. L. (2020) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-00092-2 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders
Sorboni, S. G., Moghaddam, H. S., Jafarzadeh-Esfehani, R., & Soleimanpour, S. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00338-20 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders
Brioschi, S., Wang, W.-L., Peng, V., Wang, M., Shchukina, I., Greenberg, Z. J., Bando, J. K., Jaeger, N., Czepielewski, R. S., Swain, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf9277 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Biological functions of lymphatic vessels
Petrova, T. V., & Koh, G. Y. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax4063 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies
Faissner, S., Plemel, J. R., Gold, R., & Yong, V. W. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0035-2 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
B cell-derived GABA elicits IL-10+ macrophages to limit anti-tumour immunity
Zhang, B., Vogelzang, A., Miyajima, M., Sugiura, Y., Wu, Y., Chamoto, K., Nakano, R., Hatae, R., Menzies, R. J., Sonomura, K., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04082-1 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Mou, Y., Du, Y., Zhou, L., Yue, J., Hu, X., Liu, Y., Chen, S., Lin, X., Zhang, G., Xiao, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.796288 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells
Catalán, D., Mansilla, M. A., Ferrier, A., Soto, L., Oļeiņika, K., Aguillón, J. C., & Aravena, O. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Challenges, Progress, and Prospects of Developing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases
Fugger, L. H., Jensen, L. T., & Rossjohn, J. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.007 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
The immunology of multiple sclerosis
Attfield, K. E., Jensen, L. T., Kaufmann, M., Friese, M. A., & Fugger, L. (2022) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00718-z · Cited by 380 · see citing works
B cells in autoimmune and neurodegenerative central nervous system diseases
Sabatino, J. J., Pröbstel, A., & Zamvil, S. S. (2019) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0233-2 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes
Sanmarco, L. M., Wheeler, M. A., Gutiérrez-Vázquez, C., Polonio, C. M., Linnerbauer, M., Pinho-Ribeiro, F. A., Li, Z., Giovannoni, F., Batterman, K. V., Scalisi, G., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03116-4 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Rethinking mucosal antibody responses: IgM, IgG and IgD join IgA
Chen, K., Magri, G., Grasset, E. K., & Cerutti, A. (2020) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0261-1 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis: therapeutic implications
O’Riordan, K. J., Moloney, G. M., Keane, L., Clarke, G., & Cryan, J. F. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101982 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses
Fitzpatrick, Z., Frazer, G. L., Ferro, A., Clare, S., Bouladoux, N. J., Ferdinand, J. R., Tuong, Z. K., Negro‐Demontel, M. L., Kumar, N., Suchánek, O., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2886-4 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Sheikh‐Mohamed, S., Isho, B., Chao, G. Y. C., Zuo, M., Cohen, C., Lustig, Y., Nahass, G. R., Salomon, R. E. A., Blacker, G., Fazel‐Zarandi, M., et al. (2022) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-022-00511-0 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Tang, H., Chen, P., Xie, H., & Tao, Y. (2019) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-019-0074-5 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Cellular immunology of relapsing multiple sclerosis: interactions, checks, and balances
Bar‐Or, A., & Li, R. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00063-6 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation: An astrocyte perspective
Lee, H., Lee, J.-H., Flausino, L. E., & Quintana, F. J. (2023) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adi7828 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The microbiota-immune axis as a central mediator of gut-brain communication
Fung, T. C. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104714 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation
Shalapour, S., & Karin, M. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.021 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Gut microbiota–specific IgA + B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis
Pröbstel, A., Zhou, X., Baumann, R., Wischnewski, S., Kutza, M., Rojas, O. L., Sellrie, K., Bischof, A., Kim, K., Ramesh, A., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abc7191 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting
Charabati, M., Wheeler, M. A., Weiner, H. L., & Quintana, F. J. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Neuroimmune circuits in inter-organ communication
Huh, J. R., & Veiga‐Fernandes, H. (2019) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0247-z · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Chudzik, A., Orzyłowska, A., Rola, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11071000 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis
Correale, J., Hohlfeld, R., & Baranzini, S. E. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00697-8 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and implications for treatment
Cheung, C. K., Alexander, S., Reich, H. N., Selvaskandan, H., Zhang, H., & Barratt, J. (2025) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-024-00885-3 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Liu, S., Rezende, R. M., Moreira, T. G., Tankou, S. K., Cox, L. M., Wu, M., Song, A., Dhang, F. H., Wei, Z., Costamagna, G., et al. (2019) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.008 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Inflammation in multiple sclerosis
Haase, S., & Linker, R. A. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/17562864211007687 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting the Blood–Brain Barrier: From Barrier to Carrier
Li, J., Zheng, M., Shimoni, O., Banks, W. A., Bush, A. I., Gamble, J. R., & Shi, B. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202101090 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
B cells in central nervous system disease: diversity, locations and pathophysiology
Jain, R. W., & Yong, V. W. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00652-6 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis: From pathology to the clinic
Seze, J. D., Maillart, É., Guéguen, A., Laplaud, D. A., Michel, L., Thouvenot, É., Zéphir, H., Zimmer, L., Biotti, D., & Liblau, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1004795 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Beyond the gut: decoding the gut–immune–brain axis in health and disease
Park, J. C., Chang, L., Kwon, H.-K., & Im, S.-H. (2025) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-025-01333-3 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Neuroimmune Connections in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Scheiblich, H., Trombly, M., Ramirez, A., & Heneka, M. T. (2020) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.02.002 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the gut–brain axis
Barroso, A., Mahler, J. V., Fonseca-Castro, P. H., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00585-5 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Emerging concepts in intestinal immune control of obesity-related metabolic disease
Khan, S. M., Luck, H., Winer, S., & Winer, D. A. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22727-7 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Microbiota–neuroepithelial signalling across the gut–brain axis
Ohara, T. E., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2025) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-024-01136-9 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Zhao, C., Bao, L., Qiu, M., Wu, K., Zhao, Y., Feng, L., Xiang, K., Zhang, N., Hu, X., & Fu, Y. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111681 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Zhang, S., & Chen, D. (2019) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000245 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Resolution of inflammation during multiple sclerosis
Ruiz, F., Vigne, S., & Pot, C. (2019) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00765-0 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Functional immune cell–astrocyte interactions
Sanmarco, L. M., Polonio, C. M., Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2021) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20202715 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis
Ghezzi, L., Cantoni, C., Pinget, G. V., Zhou, Y., & Piccio, L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci143774 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Gut Microbiome and Neuroinflammation in Hypertension
Richards, E. M., Li, J., Stevens, B. R., Pepine, C. J., & Raizada, M. K. (2022) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.319816 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Etter, M. M., Martins, T. A., Kulsvehagen, L., Pössnecker, E., Duchemin, W., Hogan, S. A., Sanabria-Díaz, G., Müller, J., Chiappini, A., Rychen, J., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34068-0 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life
Ojeda, J., Ávila, A., & Vidal, P. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10061299 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The CNS Immune Landscape from the Viewpoint of a T Cell
Mundt, S., Greter, M., Flügel, A., & Becher, B. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Bibby, J. A., Purvis, H. A., Hayday, T. S., Chandra, A., Okkenhaug, K., Rosenzweig, S., Aksentijevich, I. A., Wood, M., Lachmann, H. J., Kemper, C., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17179-4 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
B Cell–Directed Therapy in Autoimmunity
Abeles, I. Y., Palma, C., Meednu, N., Payne, A. S., Looney, R. J., & Anolik, J. H. (2023) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-044829 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Gut–CNS Axis in Multiple Sclerosis
Kadowaki, A., & Quintana, F. J. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Regulatory B cells and T cell Regulation in Cancer
Horii, M., & Matsushita, T. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.019 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
G‐protein coupled receptors and ligands that organize humoral immune responses
Lu, E., & Cyster, J. G. (2019) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12743 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Modulating AHR function offers exciting therapeutic potential in gut immunity and inflammation
Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Fu, Y., Yin, Y., & Xu, K. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01046-y · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Low-level inflammation, immunity, and brain-gut axis in IBS: unraveling the complex relationships
Yuan, Y., Wang, X., Huang, S., Wang, H., & Shen, G.-M. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2263209 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Yang, J., Liang, J., Hu, N., He, N., Liu, B., Liu, G., & Qin, Y. (2024) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.70091 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The gut-eye-lacrimal gland-microbiome axis in Sjögren Syndrome
Trujillo-Vargas, C. M., Schaefer, L., Alam, J., Pflugfelder, S. C., Britton, R. A., & de Paiva, C. S. (2019) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.006 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Gut microbial metabolites alter IgA immunity in type 1 diabetes
Huang, J., Pearson, J. A., Peng, J., Hu, Y., Sha, S., Xing, Y., Huang, G., Li, X., Hu, F., Xie, Z., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.135718 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease
Zhang, Q., Niu, Y., Li, Y., Xia, C., Chen, Z., Chen, Y., & Feng, H. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02177-z · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Xiao, S., Jiang, S., Qian, D., & Duan, J. (2019) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-019-10312-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Multiplexed imaging of immune cells in staged multiple sclerosis lesions by mass cytometry
Ramaglia, V., Sheikh‐Mohamed, S., Legg, K., Park, C., Rojas, O. L., Zandee, S., Fu, F., Ornatsky, O., Swanson, E. C., Pitt, D., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.48051 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Plasma Cells, the Next Generation: Beyond Antibody Secretion
Pioli, P. D. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02768 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke
Xie, X., Wang, L., Dong, S., Ge, S., & Zhu, T. (2023) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.380869 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiome as a Regulator of the Neuroimmune Landscape
Yu, L. W., Agirman, G., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2022) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-014237 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
IL-10 revisited in systemic lupus erythematosus
Biswas, S., Bieber, K., & Manz, R. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.970906 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Li, R., Tang, H., Burns, J. C., Hopkins, B. T., Coz, C. L., Zhang, B., de Barcelos, I. P., Romberg, N. D., Goldstein, A. C., Banwell, B., et al. (2022) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-022-02411-w · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Diversity and Function of Glial Cell Types in Multiple Sclerosis
Schirmer, L., Schafer, D. P., Bartels, T., Rowitch, D. H., & Calabresi, P. A. (2021) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2021.01.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The antibody/microbiota interface in health and disease
Sterlin, D., Fadlallah, J., Slack, E. M. C., & Gorochov, G. (2019) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0192-y · Cited by 76 · see citing works
BAFF inhibition in SLE—Is tolerance restored?
Jackson, S. W., & Davidson, A. (2019) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12810 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A dynamic atlas of immunocyte migration from the gut
Galván-Peña, S., Zhu, Y., Hanna, B. S., Mathis, D., & Benoist, C. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adi0672 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Vergani, S., Muleta, K. G., Silva, C. D., Doyle, A., Kristiansen, T. A., Sodini, S., Krausse, N., Montano, G., Kotarsky, K., Nakawesi, J., et al. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.018 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Jia, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.982881 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Unraveling the diversity and functions of tissue-resident plasma cells
Tellier, J., Tarasova, I., Nie, J., Smillie, C. S., Fedele, P. L., Cao, W. H. J., Groom, J. R., Belz, G. T., Bhattacharya, D., Smyth, G. K., et al. (2024) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01712-w · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Michel, L., Grasmuck, C., Charabati, M., Lécuyer, M., Zandee, S., Dhaeze, T., Alvarez, J. I., Li, R., Larouche, S., Bourbonnière, L., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0475 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Jiang, R., Fichtner, M. L., Hoehn, K. B., Pham, M. C., Stathopoulos, P., Nowak, R. J., Kleinstein, S. H., & O’Connor, K. C. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.136471 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Evolution of Anti-B Cell Therapeutics in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases
Stathopoulos, P., & Dalakas, M. C. (2022) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-022-01196-w · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective
Morys, J., Małecki, A., & Nowacka-Chmielewska, M. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1415567 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
CXCR3+ T cells in multiple sclerosis correlate with reduced diversity of the gut microbiome
Choileáin, S. N., Kleinewietfeld, M., Raddassi, K., Hafler, D. A., Ruff, W. E., & Longbrake, E. E. (2019) · Journal of Translational Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100032 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Regulatory B Cells and Its Role in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases
Ran, Z., Luo, Y., Qiu-Ming, Z., & Yang, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01884 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Ins and Outs of Central Nervous System Inflammation—Lessons Learned from Multiple Sclerosis
Ramaglia, V., Rojas, O. L., Naouar, I., & Gommerman, J. L. (2021) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-124155 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
How the immune system shapes neurodegenerative diseases
Mason, H. D., & McGavern, D. B. (2022) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.001 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The neuroimmune connectome in health and disease
Wheeler, M. A., & Quintana, F. J. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08474-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them
Isho, B., Florescu, A., Wang, A. A., & Gommerman, J. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12980 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease
Fleming, A., Castro‐Dopico, T., & Clatworthy, M. R. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.13139 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The BAFF-APRIL System in Cancer
Ullah, M. A., & Mackay, F. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15061791 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection*
Sheikh‐Mohamed, S., Sanders, E. C., Gommerman, J. L., & Tal, M. C. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13118 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Tissue regulatory T cells and neural repair
Ito, M., Komai, K., Nakamura, T., Srirat, T., & Yoshimura, A. (2019) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxz031 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Regulatory functions of B cells and regulatory plasma cells
Fillatreau, S. (2019) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2019.05.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wilmore, J. R., Gaudette, B. T., Atria, D. G., Rosenthal, R. L., Reiser, S. K., Meng, W., Rosenfeld, A. M., Prak, E. T. L., & Allman, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.791095 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Know your enemy or find your friend?—Induction of IgA at mucosal surfaces
Bemark, M., & Angeletti, D. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13014 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy is characterized by anticommensal humoral immune responses
Currie, E. G., Coburn, B. A., Porfilio, E. A., Lam, P., Rojas, O. L., Novák, J., Yang, S., Chowdhury, R. B., Ward, L. A., Wang, P. W., et al. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.141289 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
IgA in human health and diseases: Potential regulator of commensal microbiota
Takeuchi, T., & Ohno, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024330 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
An epithelial cell-derived metabolite tunes immunoglobulin A secretion by gut-resident plasma cells
Ceglia, S., Berthelette, A., Howley, K., Li, Y., Mortzfeld, B. M., Bhattarai, S. K., Yiew, N. K. H., Xu, Y., Brink, R. A., Cyster, J. G., et al. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01413-w · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Jiang, J., Chu, C., Wu, C., Wang, C., Zhang, C., Li, T., Zhai, Q., Yu, L., Tian, F., & Chen, W. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo03203d · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity
Touil, H., Mounts, K., & Jager, P. L. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147447 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cruel to Be Kind: Epithelial, Microbial, and Immune Cell Interactions in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Shalapour, S., & Karin, M. (2020) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-082019-081656 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The neglected brothers come of age: B cells and cancer
Shalapour, S., & Karin, M. (2021) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2021.101479 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ertürk-Hasdemir, D., Ochoa‐Repáraz, J., Kasper, D. L., & Kasper, L. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.662807 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rojas, O. L., Pröbstel, A.-K., Porfilio, E. A., Wang, A. A., Charabati, M., Sun, T., Lee, D. S. W., Galicia, G., Ramaglia, V., Ward, L. A., Leung, L. Y. T., Najafi, G., Khaleghi, K., Garcillán, B., Li, A., Besla, R., Naouar, I., Cao, E. Y., Chiaranunt, P., Burrows, K., Robinson, H. G., Allanach, J. R., Yam, J., Luck, H., Campbell, D. J., Allman, D., Brooks, D. G., Tomura, M., Baumann, R., Zamvil, S. S., Bar-Or, A., Horwitz, M. S., Winer, D. A., Mortha, A., Mackay, F., Prat, A., Osborne, L. C., Robbins, C., Baranzini, S. E., & Gommerman, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Osaka Ohtani University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Gommerman, Jennifer L.
- ORCID
- Rojas, Olga L.
- Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin
- Wang, Angela A.
- Charabati, Marc
- Sun, Tian
- Lee, Dennis S.W.
- Galicia, Georgina
- Ramaglia, Valeria
- Ward, Lesley A.
- Leung, Leslie Y.T.
- Najafi, Ghazal
- Garcillán, Beatriz
- Li, Angela
- Besla, Rickvinder
- Naouar, Ikbel
- Cao, Eric Y.
- Chiaranunt, Pailin
- Burrows, Kyle
- Allanach, Jessica R.
- Luck, Helen
- Campbell, Daniel J.
- Allman, David
- Brooks, David G.
- Tomura, Michio
- Zamvil, Scott S.
- Horwitz, Marc S.
- Winer, Daniel A.
- Mortha, Arthur
- Mackay, Fabienne
- Prat, Alexandre
- Osborne, Lisa C.
- Robbins, Clinton
- Baranzini, Sergio E.
- Gommerman, Jennifer L.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 610-624.e18
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6903689
- OpenAlex
- W2907217606
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 37
- FWCI
- 38.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2019-04-04)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (388337, FDN148386)
- MS Society of Canada Research Foundation
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Multiple Sclerosis
- Swiss National Science Foundation (P2SKP3_164938/1, P300PB_177927/1)
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (FG-1708-28871)
- NIH (R01-AI113543, AI085043SSZ, RO1 NS092835, R21 NS108159-01)
- NMSS (RG1701-26628)
- The Maisin Foundation
- Biogen
- Celgene
- US National MS Society (CA1072-A-7)
- US Department of Defense (W81XWH-15-1-0652)
- Valhalla Charitable Foundation
- CIHR Foundation (FDN1552)
- MS Society of Canada (EGID3194)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- plasma cells, IgA-producing cells, neuroinflammation, IL-10, multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, fecal microbiota, plasmablasts, recurrence, immunoglobulin A, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Multiple Sclerosis, Plasma Cells, Neuroimmunomodulation, Interleukin-10, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
