Cited by 147Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Microbiota–neuroepithelial signalling across the gut–brain axis

Ohara, Takahiro E., Hsiao, Elaine Y.·2025·Nature Reviews Microbiology

Abstract

Research over the past two decades has established a remarkable ability of the gut microbiota to modulate brain activity and behaviour. Conversely, signals from the brain can influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication across the gut microbiota-brain axis, involving multiple biochemical and cellular mediators, is recognized as a major brain-body network that integrates cues from the environment and the body's internal state. Central to this network is the gut sensory system, formed by intimate connections between chemosensory epithelial cells and sensory nerve fibres, that conveys interoceptive signals to the central nervous system. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of the pathways that connect the gut and the brain, and explore the complex dialogue between microorganisms and neurons at this emerging intestinal neuroepithelial interface. We highlight relevant microbial factors, endocrine cells and neural mechanisms that govern gut microbiota-brain interactions and their implications for gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric health.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41579-024-01136-9

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Authors
Ohara, T. E., & Hsiao, E. Y.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
  • Ohara, Takahiro E.
  • Hsiao, Elaine Y.
Venue
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Published
2025-01-02
Volume
23
Issue
6
Pages
371-384
ISSN
  • 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-1534
OpenAlex
W4405971144
Cited by
147
References
201
Citations by year
2026: 112 · 2025: 35
FWCI
13.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, intestinal epithelium, sensory nerve fibers, interoception, endocrine cells, gut health, two-way communication
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Brain-Gut Axis, Animals, Brain, Humans, Signal Transduction, Gastrointestinal Tract

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