Microbiota–neuroepithelial signalling across the gut–brain axis
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has established a remarkable ability of the gut microbiota to modulate brain activity and behaviour. Conversely, signals from the brain can influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication across the gut microbiota-brain axis, involving multiple biochemical and cellular mediators, is recognized as a major brain-body network that integrates cues from the environment and the body's internal state. Central to this network is the gut sensory system, formed by intimate connections between chemosensory epithelial cells and sensory nerve fibres, that conveys interoceptive signals to the central nervous system. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of the pathways that connect the gut and the brain, and explore the complex dialogue between microorganisms and neurons at this emerging intestinal neuroepithelial interface. We highlight relevant microbial factors, endocrine cells and neural mechanisms that govern gut microbiota-brain interactions and their implications for gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric health.
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The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in modulating the gut-brain axis.
“Recent research has increasingly underscored the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in modulating the GBA.”
From The hidden genetic and microbial networks connecting neuropsychiatric and digestive disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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Chiral Spindle-like Nanorods Reprogram Neuroinflammation by Catalyzing α-Ketoglutarate Biosynthesis
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- Authors
- Ohara, T. E., & Hsiao, E. Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ohara, Takahiro E.
- Hsiao, Elaine Y.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Microbiology
- Published
- 2025-01-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 371-384
- ISSN
- 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-1534
- OpenAlex
- W4405971144
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 201
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 35
- FWCI
- 13.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, intestinal epithelium, sensory nerve fibers, interoception, endocrine cells, gut health, two-way communication
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Brain-Gut Axis, Animals, Brain, Humans, Signal Transduction, Gastrointestinal Tract
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