Factors influencing teachers’ intention to use technology: Model development and test

“…opinion Carter and Schaupp (2009), Chan et al. (2010), Chiu et al. (2010), Chiu and Wang (2008), Sahu and Gupta (2007), Schaupp et al. (2010), Teo (2011) No moderating variables 6 No moderating variables used Al-Sobhi et al. (2011), Chen et al. (2008), Huser et al. (2010), Loo et al. (2009),…”

“According to Teo (2011), technology acceptance is the willingness of an individual to adopt the use of technology for facilitating task performance based on the support it was designed to provide.”

“Using this theory and analysis method, later in the educational landscape, there were studies that verified and explained the intention of students’ technology use (Teo, 2011) and the research of students’ independent use of technology for language learning (Lai, 2013), etc.”

“technology is easy to use [66] and useful for instruction [79], [91].”

“(2015), UTAUT is one of the extensively used models for testing the acceptance and use of various technologies in a number of different studies (e.g. Farooq et al., 2016; Ketterl et al., 2011; Nair et al., 2015; Teo, 2011).”

“M Perceived ease of use also qualifies as a critical predictor of technology adoption (Teo, 2011).”

“Recent studies have provided evidence to show that perceived usefulness has influences on attitudes and intention to use technology (Teo 2008, 2011; Yuen 2002).”

“Table 2 shows that there is a negative correlation, weak positive correlation and moderate positive correlations between variables.”

“Other studies have shown that anxiety about computer use will negatively influence an individual’s use and adoption of ICT in their teaching and learning (Phelps & Ellis, 2002; Teo, 2011; Wilfong, 2006).”

“The nature of the teaching and learning processes changes with the use of e-technologies (Teo, 2011).”

“Second, self-efficacy beliefs are important determinants for teachers’ intention to use and integrate technology for teaching and learning (Scherer, Siddiq, & Teo, 2015; Teo, 2011).”

“The direct e ff ect of social in fl uence on learner intention was non-signi fi cant supporting prior literature (Teo, 2011; Terzis & Economides, 2011) and meta-analysis (Taiwo & Downe, 2013).”

“…Ainley, 2013; Kikis, Scheuermann,& Villalba, 2009); and teachers' integration of ICT in classrooms on the other hand (Donnelly, McGarr, & O'Reilly, 2011; Hern andez-Ramos, Martínez-Abad, GarcíaPe~nalvo, HerreraGarcía, & Rodríguez-Conde, 2014; Sang, Valcke, van Braak, & Tondeur, 2010; Teo, 2011a).”

“Teachers are considered key players in the effective integration of technology in teaching and learning (Zhao et al. 2001; Teo 2011a).”

“More recently, educational researchers (e.g., Teo, 2011; Teo, 2012; Teo & Wong, 2013) have extended TAM into education settings, investigating the issues in technology acceptance and use among school teachers.”

“The questionnaire was a version of those used by Teo (2011) and Chan and Elliott (2004), modi fi ed to suit the special circum-stances of the language teachers who participated in the current study.”

“Many reports provide evidence of the impact of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on attitude toward usage and behavioural intention (Rasimah et al., 2011; Teo, 2011; Wong & Teo, 2009; Sumak, Hericko, Pusnik & Polancic, 2011).”

“Furthermore, many past empirical studies have used behavioural intention in explaining technology acceptance amongst student teachers (Teo 2011; Teo and Noyes 2011; Terzis and Econo-mides 2011).”

“…teachers’ instructional methods may face obstacles due to a range of challenges, including external factors such as insufficient support, a lack of essential technical resources, and curricular constraints, as well as internal factors like insufficient technical skills or low self-efficacy [17–19].”

“, 2003) and it has yielded good results in previous studies on teachers’ and students’ technology acceptance (Deshpande et al., 2012; Echeng et al., 2013; Teo, 2011).”

“It was possible that experienced teachers did not have to rely on institutional mandate (e.g., school principal or department head) to decide whether or not to use technology (Robert and Henderson 2000; Teo 2011).”

“…based on the studies conducted by Venkatesh et al. (2003), who used the UTAUT model to explore the acceptance of technologies; it was also based on studies conducted on the acceptance of digital learning technologies by teachers, such as OECD (2019c), Zalah (2018) and Teo (2011) (see Table 1).”

“Teachers are key players to foster the effective use of technology for learning and instruction and stimulate students' acceptance of technology (Davidson et al., 2014; Roscoe et al., 2017; Teo, 2011).”

“Besides, while PU plays an important role in the utilitarian dimension of PV, PE is an essential dimension in e-learning users’ perception of hedonic PV [44].”

“While perceived usefulness plays a crucial role in providing functional advantages, perceived enjoyment is equally vital for its emotional benefits, as outlined by Teo [33].”

“As argued by Teo (2011), teachers’ positive attitudes towards the use of computers reinforce their intentions to use technology.”

“Prior research has shown that the integration of ICT depends, to a large extent, on student and teachers attitudes towards their ICT use (Hatlevik, Ottestad, & Throndsen, 2015; Mama & Hennessy, 2013; Prestridge, 2012; Sang, Valcke, Braak, & Tondeur, 2010; Teo, 2011).”

“The results of this study were consistent with those of Teo (2011) and Hernandez-Ramos et al. (2014), who suggested that individual creativity is generated by identifying with an organizational environment.”

“This finding is consistent with recent studies that examined the influence of attitudes towards computer use among pre-service teachers in other countries (Teo, 2009, 2011; Yuen & Ma, 2008).”

“For this reason, the study through the intention to use elearning variable has several advantages due to actual use possibly having several causes and delicate factors, which may not result in a comprehensive study (Teo, 2011).”

“This is because the affordances of educational technologies cannot be fully realized if educators do not implement these tools in intended pedagogically sound ways (Teo 2011).”

“Teo (2011) viewed technology acceptance as a person’s willingness to embrace technology to facilitate tasks based on the support it intends to provide.”

“All the ten model-fit measures of the proposed structural model were the same as those of the measure model, indicating a good model fit.”

“Ranging from three to fi ve items per factor, these items were adapted from published sources that displayed high reliability when the former were used with in-service or pre-service teachers (Teo, 2011, 2014; Teo & van Schaik, 2009; Wong & Teo, 2009; Wong, Teo, & Russo, 2013).”

“Birch & Irvine, 2009; Teo, 2011; Teo & Tan,2012; Valtonen et al., 2015).”

“Based on Teo (2011) for instance, five significant constructs are included in the modeling of in-service teachers’ behavioral intention to use technology: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards computer use, subjective norm, and facilitating conditions.”

“This finding is in line with TAM while similar Education and Information Technologies (2023) 28:5999–6026 results were reported in previous studies about teachers’ technology adoption (Joo et al., 2018; Khlaif et al., 2022; Scherer et al., 2019; Teo, 2011).”

“Technology, which is believed to be both important and personally relevant, is more likely to create people’s positive attitude towards it (Rogers 2003; Teo 2011).”

“Technology acceptance research Teo (2011) defines technology acceptance as “ a user ’ s willingness to employ technology for the tasks it is designed to support ” (p. 1).”

“The items for use intention were adapted from Teo’s study [93].”

“While perceived ease of use exerts a direct impact on perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness together with perceived ease of use influences attitudes toward usage (Teo, 2011).”

“Items regarding four constructs of TAM were adopted based on the questionnaire developed by Huang (2016) and Teo (2011), including PEU (e.g. ‘ I think that pigaiwang is easy to use ’ ), PU (e.g. ‘ Using pigaiwang , I can write much better ’ ), ATU (e.g. ‘ I like using pigaiwang to assist me in…”

“In many studies, perceived usefulness has been found to be the strongest factor directly affecting attitudes and intention to use ICT (Chien et al. 2014; Oye et al. 2014; Teo 2011).”

“Additionally, PU has a significant impact on outcome variables [35, 51, 54], and PEOU has a direct and decisive impact on PU [49, 55].”

“Although not directly focused on technology literacy, research studies such as [48] investigate the relationship between computer self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, and perceived usefulness, which may be related to technology literacy.”

“This result is consistent with [19,33,37,38], and [17].”

“It is possible to accept the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers in the context of technology integration is related to the necessity of including technological skills within the scope of educational activities (Albion, 1999; Chen, 2008; Ertmer, 2005; Ruggiero & Mong, 2015; Teo, 2011).”

“Three items of these five were based on the measures of behavioural intention as defined by Teo (2011), and these measures are: the intention to continue using a technology in the future, the expectation to use a technology in the future, and the planning to use a technology in the future.”

“The authors (Teo, 2011 (Kearns, 2012).”

“Although previous studies have been conducted on technology acceptance among classroom teachers (Ifenthaler & Schweinbenz, 2013; Teo, 2011), preservice teachers (Cullen & Greene, 2011; Teo, 2009; Teo, Lee, & Chai, 2008), and in higher education in general (El-Gayar et al., 2011; Moran, Hawkes, &…”

“Customers ’ attitudes influence their intentions to use a digitalised service, as well as their behavioural use (Davis et al. , 1989; Sreejesh et al. , 2016; Teo, 2011; Venkatesh and Davis, 2000).”

“…value beliefs as a global construct that encompasses belief factors used in the literature including perceived enjoyment, perceived importance, perceived usefulness, and any combination of these dimensions (Ottenbreit-Leftwich et al., 2010; Scherer et al., 2019; Teo, 2011; Wozney et al., 2006).”

“…& Mazza, 2013; McKenna, Tuunanen, & Gardner, 2013; Chong, 2013); education (e.g., Ersoy & Akbulut, 2014; Ho, Hung & Chen, 2013; Huang, Hood, & Yoo, 2013; Teo, 2011); and mobile computing (e.g., Nikou & Bouwman, 2014; Shafinah, Sahari, Sulaiman, Yusoff, & Ikram, 2013; Fuksa, 2013), among others.”

“…important in motivating students’ behavioral intention toward the use of e-learning (Baker et al., 2007; Sawang et al., 2014), while in the study by Teo (2011), the author reported that the impact of subjective norm on teachers’ intention to adopt new technologies in their classes was…”

“TAM had been applied in the field of technology integration in education (Holden & Rada, 2011; Ma, Andersson, & Streith, 2005; Teo, 2011).”

“For example, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by Venkatesh et al. (2003) that integrates a number of models on technology acceptance has found broad applications in modelling teacher readiness to adopt technological innovations in schools (e.g. Teo 2011).”

“ICT competency covers many fi elds in the realm of technology, such as ICT literacy, digital literacy, information literacy, computer literacy, technology literacy, and advanced and professional skills (Tristán-López and Ylizaliturri-Salcedo 2014).”

“ATU is defined as the extent to which a student, in our case, possesses positive feelings about using technology, specifically videos in courses [49].”

“These were the effect of each training strategy, as revealed by SQD-scale data; the training ’ s impact on the participant teachers ’ TPACK-practical knowledge (Yeh et al., 2014); and the training ’ s impact on technology acceptance, as measured by Teo ’ s (2011) scales.”

“This statement is in line with research conducted by Luarn and Lin (2005), Teo (2011), Zhang et al. (2012), and Alhassan et al. (2020), that perceived ease of use significantly affects user intentions.”