Cited by 214Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthIdentity, Memory, and TherapyDeath, Funerary Practices, and Mourning

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A Cognitive Attachment Model of prolonged grief: Integrating attachments, memory, and identity

Maccallum, Fiona, Bryant, Richard A.·2013·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.001

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Abstract

Prolonged grief (PG), otherwise known as complicated grief, has attracted much attention in recent years as a potentially debilitating condition that affects approximately 10% of bereaved people. We propose a model of PG that integrates processes of attachment, self-identity, and autobiographical memory. The paper commences with a discussion of the PG construct and reviews current evidence regarding the distinctiveness of PG from other bereavement related-outcomes. We then review the evidence regarding the dysfunctional attachments, appraisals, and coping styles that people with PG display. Recent evidence pertaining to the patterns of autobiographical memory in PG is described in the context of the self-memory system. This system provides a unifying framework to understand the roles of personal memories, identity, attachments, and coping responses in PG. The proposed model places emphasis on how one's sense of identity influences yearning, memories of the deceased, appraisals, and coping strategies, to maintain a focus on the loss. The model is discussed in relation to existing models of PG. The potential for shaping treatment strategies to shift perceptions of the self is then outlined. Finally, we outline future directions to test propositions stemming from the model and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying PG.

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Authors: Maccallum, F., & Bryant, R. A.
Affiliations: UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Maccallum, Fiona
ORCID: Maccallum, Fiona
Bryant, Richard A.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-08
Volume: 33
Issue: 6
Pages: 713-727
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.001
OpenAlex: W1997669167
Cited by: 214
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9
FWCI: 1.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
Keywords: prolonged grief disorder, complicated grief, bereavement, attachment, self-identity, autobiographical memory, coping strategies, longing, appraisal, grief therapy
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Bereavement, Death, Grief, Humans, Memory, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment

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A Cognitive Attachment Model of prolonged grief: Integrating attachments, memory, and identity

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