Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Epidemiological research on the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has found inconsistent results in terms of gender differences, with some studies showing a higher prevalence for women compared to men and other studies showing no difference. The goal of the current study was to use meta-analytic techniques to better conceptualize the presence and size of gender differences in the prevalence of NSSI. We also examined two factors proposed to explain gender differences in NSSI prevalence: the gender difference would be larger for clinical samples relative to community samples, and the gender difference would be larger for younger (versus older) samples. The results showed that across studies women were significantly more likely to report a history of NSSI than men. Moderator analyses showed that the gender difference was larger for clinical samples, compared to college/community samples. However, there was not a significant relation between age and effect size. Women were more likely to use some methods of NSSI (e.g., cutting) compared to men, but for other methods there was no significant difference (e.g., punching). These results increase our knowledge of NSSI and fit with a larger literature examining gender, emotion regulation, and psychopathology.
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NSSI tends to be more prevalent in women generally, with the ratio of women to men especially greater in clinical populations.
“NSSI tends to be more prevalent in women generally, with the ratio of women to men especially greater in clinical populations [74]”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Bresin, K., & Schoenleber, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bresin, Konrad
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 38
- Pages
- 55-64
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082437850
- Cited by
- 678
- References
- 187
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- non-suicidal self-injury, gender differences, prevalence, women, clinical versus community samples, age differences, self-injury methods, cuttings, emotion regulation, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Self-Injurious Behavior
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