Non-invasive glucose monitoring: Assessment of technologies and devices according to quantitative criteria
Abstract
Aim of this review was to describe the main technologies for non-invasive glucose monitoring and the corresponding most relevant devices. The review tries to overcome the limitations of previous reviews on this topic, such as the lack of objective criteria for inclusion or exclusion of technologies or devices, and the poor organization of the information, which often does not allow easy comparison between technologies and devices. In this review, the information is concise and organized into specific categories, and hence it becomes easy to compare advantages and disadvantages of the different technologies and devices. For technologies, the categories of information considered are the technology name, the underlying physical principle, the technology limitations and the measurement sites on the human body. For devices, the categories of information are the device name, its approval condition (FDA Approval and/or CE Mark), the technology on which it is based, a device general description, the tests performed on the device, the corresponding results, safety information, aspects affecting usability, current status of the device and the manufacturer, an Internet reference for the device. A total of 14 technologies and 16 devices are included. Conclusions of the review were that, despite some interesting and promising technologies and devices, a satisfactory solution to the non-invasive glucose monitoring problem still requires further efforts.
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Near-infrared spectroscopy allows 90-95% of light to pass through the stratum corneum and epidermis into subcutaneous space with minimal tissue adsorption independent of skin pigmentation.
“Optical detection of glucose via near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enables 90–95% of the light to pass through the human stratum corneum and epidermis into subcutaneous space with minimal tissue adsorption independent of skin pigmentation.19,40–41”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Tura, A., Maran, A., & Pacini, G.
- Affiliations
- National Research Council (IT)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Tura, Andrea
- Venue
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-40
- ISSN
- 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139729200
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- non-invasive glucose monitoring, blood glucose measurement, diabetes mellitus, glucose monitoring devices, FDA approval, CE marking, device safety, usability, measurement site
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Child, Endocrinology, Humans, Iontophoresis, Patient Compliance, Spectrum Analysis, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Ultrasonics, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Electric Impedance, Device Approval, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
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