PET microplastics do not negatively affect the survival, development, metabolism and feeding activity of the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex
Abstract
Over the past decade, microscopic plastic debris, known as microplastics, emerged as a contaminant of concern in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Although regularly detected in aquatic environments, the toxicity of those synthetic particles is not well understood. To address this, we investigated whether the exposure to microplastics adversely affects the amphipod Gammarus pulex, a key freshwater invertebrate. Juvenile (6-9 mm) and adult (12-17 mm) individuals were exposed to irregular, fluorescent polyethylene terephthalate fragments (PET, 10-150 μm; 0.8-4,000 particles mL-1) for 24 h. Results show that body burden after 24 h depends on the dose and age of G. pulex with juveniles ingesting more microplastics than adults. After chronic exposure over 48 d, microplastics did not significantly affect survival, development (molting), metabolism (glycogen, lipid storage) and feeding activity of G. pulex. This demonstrates that even high concentrations of PET particles did not negatively interfere with the analyzed endpoints. These results contradict previous research on marine crustaceans. Differences may result from variations in the exposure regimes (e.g., duration, particle concentrations), plastic characteristics (e.g., type, size, shape, additives) as well as the species-specific morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. As a detritivorous shredder G. pulex is adapted to feed on non-digestible materials and might, therefore, be less sensitive towards exposure to synthetic particles. Accordingly, we argue that the autecology needs to be taken into account and that research should focus on identifying traits that render species susceptible to microplastic exposure.
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Freshwater species take up microplastics from sediments, and the ingestion capacity of freshwater invertebrates varies with feeding type.
“Previous studies have indeed demonstrated that microplastics are taken up from sediments by freshwater species10−15 and that the capacity of freshwater invertebrates to ingest microplastics depends on their feeding type.15”
From Microplastic Effect Thresholds for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
After taking up PET microplastics, Gammarus pulex showed no effects on survival, molting, metabolism, or feeding activity.
“However, no effects were reported on the survival, molting, metabolism and feeding activity of Gammarus pulex after the uptake of polyethylene terephtalate (PET) microplastics.14”
From Microplastic Effect Thresholds for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Weber et al. (2018) found no effects on G. pulex feeding activity after exposure to PET microplastics in water.
“These results are in accordance with Weber et al., 2018, where no effects on the feeding activity of G. pulex were found after an exposure to PET microplastics in water.14”
From Microplastic Effect Thresholds for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Survival of G. pulex and H. azteca was unaffected by PET and PE microplastics, respectively.
“For instance, survival of the freshwater amphipods G. pulex and H. azteca were not affected by the exposure to PET and PE microplastics, respectively.11,14”
From Microplastic Effect Thresholds for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Weber, A., Scherer, C., Brennholt, N., Reifferscheid, G., & Wagner, M.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Weber, Annkatrin
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 234
- Pages
- 181-189
- ISSN
- 0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2769974810
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (02WRS1378, 01UU1603, 03F0789D)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- microplastics, polyethylene terephthalate, Gammarus pulex, Amphipoda, freshwater invertebrates, microplastic ingestion, body burden, chronic toxicity, molting, energy reserves, glycogen, fat deposition, feeding activity, survival, species-specific susceptibility, detritivory, plastic pollution, freshwater ecosystems
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Eating, Glycogen, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Molting, Amphipoda, Lipid Metabolism
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