The Impact of Polystyrene Microplastics on Feeding, Function and Fecundity in the Marine Copepod Calanus helgolandicus
Open accessAbstract
Microscopic plastic debris, termed “microplastics”, are of increasing environmental concern. Recent studies have demonstrated that a range of zooplankton, including copepods, can ingest microplastics. Copepods are a globally abundant class of zooplankton that form a key trophic link between primary producers and higher trophic marine organisms. Here we demonstrate that ingestion of microplastics can significantly alter the feeding capacity of the pelagic copepod Calanus helgolandicus. Exposed to 20 μm polystyrene beads (75 microplastics mL(–1)) and cultured algae ([250 μg C L(–1)) for 24 h, C. helgolandicus ingested 11% fewer algal cells (P = 0.33) and 40% less carbon biomass (P < 0.01). There was a net downward shift in the mean size of algal prey consumed (P < 0.001), with a 3.6 fold increase in ingestion rate for the smallest size class of algal prey (11.6–12.6 μm), suggestive of postcapture or postingestion rejection. Prolonged exposure to polystyrene microplastics significantly decreased reproductive output, but there were no significant differences in egg production rates, respiration or survival. We constructed a conceptual energetic (carbon) budget showing that microplastic-exposed copepods suffer energetic depletion over time. We conclude that microplastics impede feeding in copepods, which over time could lead to sustained reductions in ingested carbon biomass.
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Irrespective of the exposure concentration, the percent MP ingestion quantified here, and in previous studies, is extremely low (i.e., <1%).
“Yet, irrespective of the exposure concentration, the percent MP ingestion quantified here, and in previous studies (Cole et al., 2015; Procter et al., 2019), is extremely low (i.e., < 1 %).”
From Trophic transfer of polyester microfibres across a multi-level marine food web. (2025) · cites this paper as Cole et al., 2015
The Treatments section (page unavailable) reports 3,278 polystyrene beads and 45,700 algal cells ingested per copepod per day. On a share-of-ingested-particles basis, the beads account for about 6.7%, not less than 1%. The paper tested one microplastic concentration, so it also cannot establish the claim across exposure concentrations. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPS MPs decrease survival and fecundity of Calanus helgolandicus.
“Studies of small crustaceans include those by Cole et al. (2015) and Lee et al. (2013) who observed a decrease in survival and fecundity of the marine copepods Calanus helgolandicus (24 h and 216 h; 20 μm; 6.5-7.5 × 10 4 particles L -1 )”
From Studies of the Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic Organisms: What Do We Know and Where Should We Focus Our Efforts in the Future? (2018) · cites this paper as Cole et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Marine Life Support Systems, Plymouth Marine Laboratory , Prospect Place, The Hoe , ,
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (GB)
- Akvaplan-niva (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Cole, Matthew
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-01-06
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1130-1137
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2329639071
- Cited by
- 1,308
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 159 · 2020: 161 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 16
- FWCI
- 40.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Marine Biological Association (acceptedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I528034, NE/L007010/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Keywords
- microplastics, polystyrene microspheres, Calanus helgolandicus, copepods, zooplankton, feeding rate, fecundity, reproductive output, biomass carbon, plastic ingestion, marine plastic pollution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbon, Fertility, Lipids, Oxygen, Plastics, Polystyrenes, Reproduction, Seawater, Water Pollutants, Zooplankton, Biomass, Copepoda, Aquatic Organisms
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