Cited by 1,005Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsRedox biology and oxidative stressAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Methods to detect nitric oxide and its metabolites in biological samples

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Bryan, Nathan S., Grisham, Matthew B.·2007·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) methodology is a complex and often confusing science and the focus of many debates and discussion concerning NO biochemistry. NO is involved in many physiological processes including regulation of blood pressure, immune response, and neural communication. Therefore its accurate detection and quantification are critical to understanding health and disease. Due to the extremely short physiological half-life of this gaseous free radical, alternative strategies for the detection of reaction products of NO biochemistry have been developed. The quantification of NO metabolites in biological samples provides valuable information with regard to in vivo NO production, bioavailability, and metabolism. Simply sampling a single compartment such as blood or plasma may not always provide an accurate assessment of whole body NO status, particularly in tissues. Therefore, extrapolation of plasma or blood NO status to specific tissues of interest is no longer a valid approach. As a result, methods continue to be developed and validated which allow the detection and quantification of NO and NO-related products/metabolites in multiple compartments of experimental animals in vivo. The methods described in this review is not an exhaustive or comprehensive discussion of all methods available for the detection of NO but rather a description of the most commonly used and practical methods which allow accurate and sensitive quantification of NO products/metabolites in multiple biological matrices under normal physiological conditions.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.04.026

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  1. [11]Kelm M. Nitric oxide metabolism and breakdown. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1411:273–289. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00020-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page

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Authors
Bryan, N. S., & Grisham, M. B.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
  • Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport (US)
Corresponding author
Grisham, Matthew B.
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-09
Volume
43
Issue
5
Pages
645-657
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2123422742
Cited by
1,005
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 56 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 28
FWCI
1.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK64023, R01DK064023, P01DK043785, DK-43785)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords
nitric oxide, nitric oxide metabolites, nitrite, nitrate, NO bioavailability, biological matrices
MeSH terms
Animals, Fluorometry, Humans, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Tyrosine

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