The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification
Open accessAbstract
The Digital Twin (DT) is commonly known as a key enabler for the digital transformation, however, in literature is no common understanding concerning this term. It is used slightly different over the disparate disciplines. The aim of this paper is to provide a categorical literature review of the DT in manufacturing and to classify existing publication according to their level of integration of the DT. Therefore, it is distinct between Digital Model (DM), Digital Shadow (DS) and Digital Twin. The results are showing, that literature concerning the highest development stage, the DT, is scarce, whilst there is more literature about DM and DS.
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“a single process [34,36,44,45]”
From Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Dealing with a constant flux of data makes it also possible to apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to IoT systems based on Digital Twin [51][52][53] [54].”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
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BackgroundInfluentialShaping the digital twin for design and production engineering
Schleich, B., Anwer, N., Mathieu, L., & Wartzack, S. (2017) · CIRP Annals · doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.040 · Cited by 1,305 · cited 3×
“While some researchers, especially coming from the class Digital Shadow, see a further research need in developing the optimization and simulation methods, others see the data connectivity as main problem.(Yang et al. 2016; Um et al. 2017b; Vachálek et al. 2017; Schleich et al. 2017; Frazzon et al. 2016; Kuhn 2017; St…”
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Boschert, S., & Rosen, R. (2016) · Mechatronic Futures · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32156-1_5 · Cited by 1,158
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Uhlemann, T. H.-J., Lehmann, C., & Steinhilper, R. (2017) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.152 · Cited by 994
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Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,004
Process Prediction with Digital Twins
Brockhoff, T., Heithoff, M., Koren, I., Michael, J., Pfeiffer, J., Rumpe, B., Uysal, M. S., van der Aalst, W. M. P., & Wortmann, A. (2021) · 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C) · doi:10.1109/models-c53483.2021.00032 · Cited by 59
Волков, И. В., Radchenko, G., & Tchernykh, A. N. (2021) · Programming and Computer Software · doi:10.1134/s0361768821080284 · Cited by 77
“Among other things, it has allowed us to separate the concepts of a digital model, digital shadow and digital twin, the difference between which lies in the extent to which automation of data and control flows is provided, between a physical object (system) and its Digital Twin [13, 41].”
BackgroundInfluentialA Five-Step Approach to Planning Data-Driven Digital Twins for Discrete Manufacturing Systems
Resman, M., Protner, J., Šimic, M., & Herakovič, N. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11083639 · Cited by 59
“For the purposes of our research, we used the following definitions [15].”
MethodInfluentialDigital Twins in Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations. A Brief Review and Analysis
Al-Sehrawy, R., & Kumar, B. (2020) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51295-8_64 · Cited by 59
Digital twins for urban underground space
Babanagar, N., Sheil, B., Ninić, J., Zhang, Q., & Hardy, S. (2025) · Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology · doi:10.17863/cam.112767 · Cited by 58
“Due to the broad applicability of DTs, different organisations define and interpret DT concepts based on domain-specific functions and characteristics (Kritzinger et al. 2018) .”
Towards adaptive digital twins architecture
Ogunsakin, R., Mehandjiev, N., & Marín, C. A. (2023) · Computers in Industry · doi:10.1016/j.compind.2023.103920 · Cited by 73
Sensor and actuator integrated tooling systems
Bleicher, F., Biermann, D., Drossel, W.-G., Möhring, H.-C., & Altintas, Y. (2023) · CIRP annals · doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2023.05.009 · Cited by 58
Implementation of Battery Digital Twin: Approach, Functionalities and Benefits
Singh, S., Weeber, M., & Birke, K. (2021) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries7040078 · Cited by 58
“The purpose is to define a functional procedure to move from battery model to battery DT systematically.”
MethodGreenhouse industry 4.0 – digital twin technology for commercial greenhouses
Howard, D. A., Ma, Z., Veje, C., Clausen, A., Aaslyng, J. M., & Jørgensen, B. N. (2021) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-021-00161-9 · Cited by 58
“0 technologies (IoT, Cloud Computing, Big Data, etc.) (Kritzinger et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialDemonstration and evaluation of a digital twin-based virtual factory
Yildiz, E., Møller, C., & Bilberg, A. (2021) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-021-06825-w · Cited by 78
The contribution of Industry 4.0 technologies to facility management
Nota, G., Peluso, D., & Lazo, A. T. (2021) · International Journal of Engineering Business and Management · doi:10.1177/18479790211024131 · Cited by 58
“DT has been used in manufacturing industries focusing the attention either on the object to produce(19,20) or on the manufacturing systems.(21,22) For what concerns the application of DT for facility management in the industrial context, the literature does not offer sufficient references.”
MethodLeveraging computer vision towards high-efficiency autonomous industrial facilities
Yousif, I., Burns, L., Kalach, F. E., & Harik, R. (2024) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-024-02396-1 · Cited by 57
“In this case, any change in the physical system influences the state of the digital object, and vice versa (Werner Kritzinger, 2018).”
Stakeholders collaborations, challenges and emerging concepts in digital twin ecosystems
Tripathi, N., Hietala, H., Xu, Y.-Q., & Liyanage, R. (2024) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107424 · Cited by 57
Virtual reality-based digital twins for greenhouses: A focus on human interaction
Slob, N., Hurst, W., van de Zedde, R., & Tekinerdoğan, B. (2023) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2023.107815 · Cited by 57
The Advent of Digital Twins in Surface Mining: Its Time Has Finally Arrived
Hazrathosseini, A., & Afrapoli, A. M. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4207885 · Cited by 57
Ruah, C., Simeone, O., & Al‐Hashimi, B. M. (2023) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3310093 · Cited by 54
Characterization and Evaluation of Engineered Coating Techniques for Different Cutting Tools—Review
Dabees, S., Mirzaei, S., Kaspar, P., Holcman, V., & Sobola, D. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15165633 · Cited by 57
Hybrid modeling — a key enabler towards realizing digital twins in biopharma?
Sokolov, M., von Stosch, M., Narayanan, H., Feidl, F., & Butté, A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.coche.2021.100715 · Cited by 57
Zhang, C.-Y., & Ji, W.-X. (2019) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.095 · Cited by 57
Bayar, J., Ali, N., Cao, Z.-C., Ren, Y.-D., & Dong, Y. (2025) · Smart Agricultural Technology · doi:10.1016/j.atech.2025.101629 · Cited by 56
Survey on open‐source digital twin frameworks–A case study approach
Gil, S., Mikkelsen, P. H., Gomes, C. Â. G., & Larsen, P. G. (2024) · Software Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/spe.3305 · Cited by 57
Industry 4.0 in textile and apparel sector: a systematic literature review
Forno, A. J. D., Bataglini, W. V., Steffens, F., & de Souza, A. A. U. (2021) · Research Journal of Textile and Apparel · doi:10.1108/rjta-08-2021-0106 · Cited by 56
Bartsch, K., Herzog, D., Bossen, B., & Emmelmann, C. (2021) · Materials Science & Engineering: A · doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141237 · Cited by 56
“The digital twin of a physical object consists of a digital representation of this object, where a bi-directional data flow between physical and digital object is enabled [14].”
BackgroundMaintenance optimization for a multi-unit system with digital twin simulation
Savolainen, J., & Urbani, M. (2021) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-021-01740-z · Cited by 56
“In this vein, Kritzinger et al. (2018) highlighted the communication aspect between physical and virtual spaces claiming that only models transmitting data in and out from the virtual space can be regarded as DTs.”
BackgroundShifting value stream patterns along the product lifecycle with digital twins
Schleich, B., Dittrich, M., Clausmeyer, T., Damgrave, R., Erkoyuncu, J., Haefner, B., Lange, J. D., Plakhotnik, D., Scheidel, W., & Wuest, T. (2019) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.049 · Cited by 56
“A classification of available literature on digital twins in manufacturing can be found in [37].”
BackgroundDeveloping and leveraging digital twins in engineering design
Anwer, N., Stark, R., Tao, F., & Erkoyuncu, J. A. (2025) · CIRP Annals · doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2025.05.002 · Cited by 58
Digital twin applications for overcoming construction supply chain challenges
Bakhshi, S., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Najafi, M., Rahimian, F., Park, C., & Lee, D. (2024) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105679 · Cited by 55
Calibrating Wireless Ray Tracing for Digital Twinning Using Local Phase Error Estimates
Ruah, C., Simeone, O., Hoydis, J., & Al-Hashimi, B. M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tmlcn.2024.3448391 · Cited by 55
“The synthesized channels can then be used to train AI models that carry out tasks such as beamforming [11], [16], [17], [24], user positioning [19], and channel charting [25], [26] by simulating relevant traffic conditions and user distributions.”
MethodWilhelm, J., Petzoldt, C., Beinke, T., & Freitag, M. (2021) · International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1080/0951192x.2021.1963482 · Cited by 73
“…to characteristics, many studies agree on the bi-directional communication between the physical and digital object as an essential characteristic of DTs (van der Valk et al. 2020; Barricelli, Casiraghi, and Fogli 2019; Kritzinger et al. 2018; Cimino, Negri, and Fumagalli 2019; Fuller et al. 2020).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialTowards the Development of Digital Twins for the Bio-manufacturing Industry.
Gargalo, C. L., Heras, S. C. D. L., Jones, M., Udugama, I. A., Mansouri, S., Krühne, U., & Gernaey, K. (2020) · Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/10_2020_142 · Cited by 55
Zhu, H., Huang, M., Ji, P.-Q., Xiao, F., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tust.2025.106508 · Cited by 62
Zhao, T., Song, C., Yu, J., Xing, L., Xu, F., Li, W., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17083754 · Cited by 76
Model‐Driven Engineering for Digital Twins: Opportunities and Challenges
Michael, J., Cleophas, L., Zschaler, S., Clark, T., Combemale, B., Godfrey, T. E., Khelladi, D. E., Kulkarni, V., Lehner, D., Rumpe⋆, B., et al. (2025) · Systems Engineering · doi:10.1002/sys.21815 · Cited by 34
“…digital twins to be used as decision-support systems (for example, in socio-technical digital twins [36]) or even more autonomously (as in the definition of digital twins proposed by Kritzinger et al. [20]), digital twin users must be able to Life cycle of a digital twin in detail. trust them [37].”
InfluentialHow Digital Twin Concept Supports Internal Transport Systems?—Literature Review
Kosacka-Olejnik, M., Kostrzewski, M., Marczewska, M., Mrówczyńska, B., & Pawlewski, P. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14164919 · Cited by 59
Transfer Learning as an Enabler of the Intelligent Digital Twin
Maschler, B., Braun, D., Jazdi, N., & Weyrich, M. (2020) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.05.020 · Cited by 54
“There are many applications for a DT of manufacturing systems, in the areas of planning, control or maintenance, like virtual commissioning or fault tracing [11].”
BackgroundMethodCao, X. Z., Zhao, G. L., & Xiao, W. (2020) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B Journal of Engineering Manufacture · doi:10.1177/0954405420937869 · Cited by 66
“Digital Twin is an important development direction of intelligent manufacturing.(1,2) It sets a new way to utilize virtual simulation environment to reflect the physical world.”
BackgroundTozanlı, Ö., Kongar, E., & Gupta, S. M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12135416 · Cited by 54
Digital Twins in Industry 4.0 – Opportunities and challenges related to Cyber Security
de Azambuja, A. J. G., Giese, T. G., Schützer, K., Anderl, R., Schleich, B., & Almeida, V. R. (2024) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2023.09.225 · Cited by 68
Asset Administration Shell in Manufacturing: Applications and Relationship with Digital Twin
Abdel-Aty, T. A., Negri, E., & Galparoli, S. (2022) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.090 · Cited by 54
Energy digital twins in smart manufacturing systems: A case study
Billey, A., & Wuest, T. (2024) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2024.102729 · Cited by 66
Sensory augmentation for subsea robot teleoperation
Xia, P., Xu, F., Song, Z.-Y., Li, S., & Du, J. (2023) · Computers in industry (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.compind.2022.103836 · Cited by 53
Application status and prospects of digital twin technology in distribution grid
Zhang, Z.-Y., & Lv, L.-J. (2022) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.410 · Cited by 53
Digital Twin Framework for Enabling Serial Construction
Kosse, S., Vogt, O., Wolf, M., König, M., & Gerhard, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Built Environment · doi:10.3389/fbuil.2022.864722 · Cited by 53
Integration and digitalization in the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins
Narayanan, H., Sponchioni, M., & Morbidelli, M. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2021.117159 · Cited by 62
Context awareness in process monitoring of additive manufacturing using a digital twin
Reisch, R. T., Hauser, T., Lutz, B., Tsakpinis, A., Winter, D., Kamps, T., & Knoll, A. (2022) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-021-08636-5 · Cited by 60
“A DT is the virtual representation of a physical object [30, 31].”
BackgroundVirtual Factory: Digital Twin Based Integrated Factory Simulations
Yildiz, E., Møller, C., & Bilberg, A. (2020) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.04.043 · Cited by 74
Frazzon, E., Agostino, Í., Broda, E., & Freitag, M. (2020) · Annual Reviews in Control · doi:10.1016/j.arcontrol.2020.04.008 · Cited by 53
Digital earth: yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Annoni, A., Nativi, S., Çöltekin, A., Desha, C., Eremchenko, E. N., Gevaert, C. M., Giuliani, G., Chen, M., Perez-Mora, L., Strobl, J., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Digital Earth · doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2187467 · Cited by 92
A Primer on the Factories of the Future
Anumbe, N. C., Saidy, C., & Harik, R. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22155834 · Cited by 68
Liang, Z., Wang, S., Peng, Y., Mao, X., Yuan, X., Yang, A., & Yin, L. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.03.002 · Cited by 59
Operation Procedures of a Work-Center-Level Digital Twin for Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing
Park, K., Lee, D.-G., & Noh, S. (2020) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology · doi:10.1007/s40684-020-00227-1 · Cited by 52
Digital twin technology for road pavement
Talaghat, M. A., Golroo, A., Kharbouch, A., Rasti, M., Heikkilä, R., & Jurva, R. (2024) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105826 · Cited by 60
Singh, M., Kapukotuwa, J., Gouveia, E. L., Fuenmayor, E., Qiao, Y.-S., Murry, N., & Devine, D. (2024) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24175680 · Cited by 51
“This continuous data exchange differentiates DTs from digital shadows, which only reflect changes after the fact, lacking the immediate feedback loop essential for dynamic and adaptive systems [2].”
BackgroundAdeagbo, M. O., Wang, S.-M., & Ni, Y. (2024) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2024.102450 · Cited by 55
Abanda, F. H., Jian, N., Adukpo, S. E., Tuhaise, V. V., & Manjia, M. B. (2024) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-023-02301-2 · Cited by 52
“Moreover, according to Kritzinger et al. (2018), differing in the level of integration of physical and digital counterparts, digital twin has been classified into three types, i.e., digital model, digital shadow and digital twin.”
InfluentialCui, Z., Yang, X., Yue, J., Liu, X., Tao, W., Xia, Q., & Wu, C. (2023) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2023.07.016 · Cited by 54
Conceiving a Digital Twin for a Flexible Manufacturing System
Magalhães, L., Magalhães, L., Ramos, J. B., Moura, L. R., de Moraes, R. E. N., Gonçalves, J. B., Hisatugu, W. H., Souza, M. T., de Lacalle, L. D., & Ferreira, J. C. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12199864 · Cited by 51
A Digital Twin Case Study on Automotive Production Line
Mendi, A. (2022) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22186963 · Cited by 51
“DT models can be used for maintenance, enhancing the speed of product tracking, or virtualizing particular rcumstances of he p oduct throughout its activities during the operating phase [16].”
MethodBartsch, K., Pettke, A., Hübert, A., Lakämper, J., & Lange, F. (2021) · Journal of Physics Materials · doi:10.1088/2515-7639/abf3cf · Cited by 51
Kalaboukas, K., Rožanec, J. M., Košmerlj, A., Kiritsis, D., & Arampatzis, G. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11094103 · Cited by 69
“, a factory, a production line) that: (i) is an accurate enough virtual model of the real system, (ii) can simulate both the physical state and behaviour of the system, (iii) can be uniquely associated with any single specific instance of the system and its entities and (iv) it is for that purpose connected to it, upd…”
BackgroundDigital Twin Applications : A first systemization of their dimensions
Uhlenkamp, J.-F., Hribernik, K., Wellsandt, S., & Thoben, K. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) · doi:10.1109/ice.2019.8792579 · Cited by 81
“classifies DTs based on their data integration between the physical and digital counterparts [3].”
BackgroundKnowledge-embedded machine learning and its applications in smart manufacturing
Farbiz, F., Habibullah, M. S., Hamadicharef, B., Maszczyk, T., & Aggarwal, S. (2022) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-022-01973-6 · Cited by 50
“It has been argued that a DT is more than a simple model or simulation Grieves (2015); Kritzinger et al. (2018); Boschert and Rosen (2016).”
BackgroundThonhofer, E., Sigl, S., Fischer, M., Heuer, F., Kuhn, A., Erhart, J., Harrer, M., & Schildorfer, W. (2023) · IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/ojits.2023.3266800 · Cited by 50
“An infrastructure based digital twin [2] of a traffic system is not only a digital model of a real world traffic system, but also enables decision making that affects the real world in a closed loop by providing information to decision making entities.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDigital twin technology in wind turbine components: A review
Leon-Medina, J. X., Tibaduiza, D., Parés, N., & Pozo, F. (2025) · Intelligent Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.iswa.2025.200535 · Cited by 49
Digital twinning for smart hospital operations: Framework and proof of concept
Han, Y., Li, Y., Li, Y., Yang, B., & Cao, L. (2023) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102317 · Cited by 57
Digital Twin-Driven Tool Condition Monitoring for the Milling Process
Natarajan, S., Thangamuthu, M., Gnanasekaran, S., & Rakkiyannan, J. (2023) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23125431 · Cited by 49
Digital Twin: Current Research Trends and Future Directions
Alnowaiser, K. K., & Ahmed, M. (2022) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-022-07459-0 · Cited by 61
“In 2018, Kritzinger et al. [8] published a review and a classification of the digital twin-related literature in manufacturing.”
BackgroundResiliency of Smart Manufacturing Enterprises via Information Integration
Sheth, A., & Kusiak, A. (2022) · Journal of Industrial Information Integration · doi:10.1016/j.jii.2022.100370 · Cited by 53
The Potential of Augmented Reality for Digital Twins: A Literature Review
Künz, A., Rosmann, S., Loria, E., & Pirker, J. (2022) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces · doi:10.1109/vr51125.2022.00058 · Cited by 49
“[27] from the same year, DTs are especially relevant for production planning and control.”
BackgroundAtalay, M., Murat, U., Oksuz, B., Parlaktuna, A. M., Pisirir, E., & Testik, M. C. (2022) · International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1080/0951192x.2021.2022762 · Cited by 60
“Kritzinger et al. (2018) differentiated these terms based on whether the data flow between the physical and virtual objects is automatic or manual.”
BackgroundDigital Twin Models: Functions, Challenges, and Industry Applications
Rayhana, R., Bai, L., Xiao, G. G., Liao, M., & Liu, Z. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification · doi:10.1109/jrfid.2024.3387996 · Cited by 68
“…[86], [87], object [59], [61], [63], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], process [64], [94], [95], [96], machine [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], device [63], [102], system [36], [37], [52], [54], [65], [83], asset [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [108], [109] and entity [55], [65], [110], [111].”
Meta-model-based shop-floor digital twin architecture, modeling and application
Yang, X., Liu, X., Zhang, H., Fu, L., & Yu, Y. (2023) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2023.102595 · Cited by 58
Methodology to develop Digital Twins for energy efficient customizable IoT-Products
Riedelsheimer, T., Gogineni, S., & Stark, R. (2021) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.040 · Cited by 49
Sheikh, Z. A., Singh, Y., Singh, P. K., & Ghafoor, K. Z. (2022) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2022.07.007 · Cited by 49
Quek, H. Y., Sielker, F., Akroyd, J., Bhave, A. N., von Richthofen, A., Herthogs, P., Yamu, C. V. D. L., Wan, L., Nochta, T., Burgess, G., et al. (2023) · Data & Policy · doi:10.1017/dap.2023.1 · Cited by 48
“…of the state and behavior of a real-world system, environment, and/or processes, and can bilaterally interact in real-time with their physical counterpart throughout its life cycle (Batty, 2018; Bolton et al., 2018; Kritzinger et al., 2018; Shahat et al., 2021; VanDerHorn and Mahadevan, 2021).”
BackgroundMohanraj, R., & Balaji, S. (2025) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-025-10397-3 · Cited by 48
Current approaches to digital twins in additive manufacturing: a systematic literature review
Tudorache, L., Babur, Ö., Lucas, S. S., & van den Brand, M. (2025) · Progress in Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s40964-025-01262-7 · Cited by 47
“Kritzinger et al. [45] conduct a critical review and classify the selected studies by the level of integration.”
InfluentialCurrent Status and Prospects of Digital Twin Approaches in Structural Health Monitoring
Wang, Q., Huang, B., Gao, Y., & Jiao, C. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15071021 · Cited by 48
An Approach to Develop Digital Twins in Industry
González-Herbón, R., González-Mateos, G., Ossorio, J. R. R., Domínguez, M., Alonso, S., & Fuertes, J. J. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24030998 · Cited by 55
“However, if changes are only reflected from the physical system to the application, it will be a digital shadow [5,30].”
BackgroundFrom Digital Twins to Digital Twin Prototypes: Concepts, Formalization, and Applications
Barbie, A., & Hasselbring, W. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3406510 · Cited by 48
“In future development workflows, the embedded software systems will be the center-piece of IIoT applications.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDigital twins in cyber effects modelling of IoT/CPS points of low resilience
Epiphaniou, G., Hammoudeh, M., Yuan, H., Maple, C., & Ani, U. (2023) · Simulation modelling practice and theory · doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2023.102744 · Cited by 48
Digital twins: potentials, ethical issues and limitations
Helbing, D., & Sánchez–Vaquerizo, J. A. (2023) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781800887374.00013 · Cited by 70
Zambrano, V., Mueller-Roemer, J., Sandberg, M., Talasila, P., Zanin, D., Larsen, P., Loeschner, E., Thronicke, W., Pietraroia, D., Landolfi, G., et al. (2022) · Array · doi:10.1016/j.array.2022.100176 · Cited by 48
“While no formal, generic definition followed its initial introduction, the consensus now characterizes a DT as a digital model with near real-time, bidirectional communication to the physical system [19].”
BackgroundDigital Twin for Training Bayesian Networks for Fault Diagnostics of Manufacturing Systems
Ademujimi, T., & Prabhu, V. (2022) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22041430 · Cited by 48
“…shadow, and DT is that a digital model has no automated data connection to the physical system, while a digital shadow is a digital model with established unidirectional data connection from the physical equipment, and lastly a DT is created only when the communication is bidirectional [46].”
BackgroundDeepu, T. S., & Ravi, V. (2021) · Digital Business · doi:10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100009 · Cited by 48
Architecture for Digital Twin implementation focusing on Industry 4.0
Rolle, R. P., Martucci, V. D. O., & Godoy, E. P. (2020) · IEEE Latin America Transactions · doi:10.1109/tla.2020.9082917 · Cited by 48
“Encontram-se na literatura diversas propostas de frameworks e arquiteturas conceituais de GDs [8], ou seja, sem o desen-volvimento do aparato para a implementac¸˜ao pr´atica.”
BackgroundModel-driven engineering for digital twins: a systematic mapping study
Lehner, D., Zhang, J., Pfeiffer, J., Sint, S., Splettstößer, A.-K., Wimmer, M., & Wortmann, A. (2025) · Software & Systems Modeling · doi:10.1007/s10270-025-01264-7 · Cited by 36
3D printing in materials manufacturing industry: A realm of Industry 4.0
Tamir, T. S., Xiong, G., Shen, Z., Leng, J., Fang, Q., Yang, Y., Jiang, J., Lodhi, E., & Wang, F. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19689 · Cited by 62
“Digital twins are similar to parallel systems in which seamless interactions between digital and physical systems are emerged to ensure virtual representations [205,206].”
BackgroundShip Digital Twin Architecture for Optimizing Sailing Automation
Kinaci, O. K. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4349123 · Cited by 47
Kaiblinger, A., & Woschank, M. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12020669 · Cited by 72
“Authors and Year No. of Citations 1 [17] Tao and Zhang, 2017 5 2 [13] Tao et al. 2018 5 3 [11] Kritzinger et al. 2018 4 4 [22] Zheng et al. 2019 3 5 [27] Tao et al. 2018 3 6 [12] Tao et al. 2019 3 7 [28] Tao et al. 2018 3 8 [29] Uhlemann et al. 2017 3”
Bayer, B., Diaz, R. D., Melcher, M., Striedner, G., & Duerkop, M. (2021) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr9071109 · Cited by 47
“A highly interesting concept for accelerating bioprocess devel-Processes opment and optimization in combination with model-related DoE approaches is a digital bioprocess twin [25,26].”
BackgroundEnhancing Cognition for Digital Twins
Eirinakis, P., Kalaboukas, K., Lounis, S., Mourtos, I., Rožanec, J., Stojanović, N., & Zois, G. (2020) · International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation · doi:10.1109/ice/itmc49519.2020.9198492 · Cited by 47
Zhu, H. S., & Lin, B. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123840 · Cited by 47
Digital twin for real-time data processing in logistics
Haße, H., Li, B., Weißenberg, N., Cirullies, J., & Otto, B. (2019) · Econstor (Econstor) · doi:10.15480/882.2462 · Cited by 47
“Just a quarter of the publications refer to concrete use cases, but most of them are in the area of simulation, product lifecycle management and manufacturing in general (Kitzinger et al. 2018, pp. 1018-1020).”
BackgroundInfluentialMedical Digital Twin: A Review on Technical Principles and Clinical Applications
Tortora, M., Pacchiano, F., Ferraciolli, S. F., Criscuolo, S., Gagliardo, C., Jaber, K., Angelicchio, M., Briganti, F., Caranci, F., Tortora, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14020324 · Cited by 58
Listl, F. G., Dittler, D., Hildebrandt, G., Stegmaier, V., Jazdi, N., & Weyrich, M. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3514923 · Cited by 49
“In the landscape of industrial automation technology, Digital Twins emerge as a pivotal innovation, enabling the efficient implementation of various use cases of digital manufacturing such as remote monitoring, predictive analytics or simulating future behavior [1, 2].”
BackgroundTool wear prediction through AI-assisted digital shadow using industrial edge device
Chehrehzad, M., Kecibas, G., Besirova, C., Uresin, U., Irican, M., & Lazoglu, I. (2024) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.01.052 · Cited by 46
Selection of Industry 4.0 technologies for Lean Six Sigma integration using fuzzy DEMATEL approach
Ibrahim, A., & Kumar, G. (2024) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/ijlss-05-2023-0090 · Cited by 46
Standardisation in Digital Twin Architectures in Manufacturing
Ferko, E., Bucaioni, A., Pelliccione, P., & Behnam, M. (2023) · International Conference on Software Architecture · doi:10.1109/icsa56044.2023.00015 · Cited by 46
“In contrast to DTs, digital shadows have a one-way data flow between the physical object and its virtual counterpart, allowing the digital object to adapt to the physical object, but not the vice versa [22].”
BackgroundEvolution of BIM to DTs: A Paradigm Shift for the Post-Pandemic AECO Industry
Megahed, N. A., & Hassan, A. M. (2022) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci6040067 · Cited by 56
“[69], a digital twin is a fully integrated data flow between an existing physical object and a digital model.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kritzinger, W., Karner, M., Traar, G., Henjes, J., & Sihn, W.
- Affiliations
- Fraunhofer Austria (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Kritzinger, Werner
- Venue
- IFAC-PapersOnLine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1016-1022
- ISSN
- 2405-8963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2890904471
- Cited by
- 3,612
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 761 · 2025: 639 · 2024: 576 · 2023: 577 · 2022: 437 · 2021: 356 · 2020: 194 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 128.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- IFAC-PapersOnLine (publishedVersion)
- Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Applied Advanced Technologies
- Keywords
- digital twin, manufacturing industry, digital models, digital shadow, digital transformation, terminology, levels of integration
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