Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Dendritic Cell and T Cell Responses
Open accessAbstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in millions of infections, yet the role of host immune responses in early COVID-19 pathogenesis remains unclear. By investigating 17 acute and 24 convalescent patients, we found that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in broad immune cell reduction including T, natural killer, monocyte, and dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were significantly reduced with functional impairment, and ratios of conventional DCs to plasmacytoid DCs were increased among acute severe patients. Besides lymphocytopenia, although neutralizing antibodies were rapidly and abundantly generated in patients, there were delayed receptor binding domain (RBD)- and nucleocapsid protein (NP)-specific T cell responses during the first 3 weeks after symptoms onset. Moreover, acute RBD- and NP-specific T cell responses included relatively more CD4 T cells than CD8 T cells. Our findings provided evidence that impaired DCs, together with timely inverted strong antibody but weak CD8 T cell responses, could contribute to acute COVID-19 pathogenesis and have implications for vaccine development.
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The reduced type I interferon response in humans is partly linked to a reduction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are strong IFNα producers, and this reduction has also been reported in severe COVID-19.
“The reduced type I IFN responses in humans is in part linked to a reduction of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), strong producers of IFNα, which has also been reported in cases of severe COVID-19103.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [103]
Dendritic cells from COVID-19 patients had minimal expression of CD80, CD86, CCR7 and HLA-DR when stimulated ex vivo.
“When stimulated ex vivo, DCs taken from the blood of COVID-19 patients had minimal expression of CD80, CD86, CCR7, and HLA-DR103.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [103]
Antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and monocytes from patients with acute COVID-19 show impaired antigen-presenting abilities.
“APCs, such as DCs and monocytes taken from the blood of patients with acute COVID-19 display impaired antigen presenting abilities.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- Zhou, R., To, K. K.-W., Wong, Y.-C., Liu, L., Zhou, B., Li, X., Huang, H., Mo, Y., Luk, T.-Y., Lau, T. T.-K., Yeung, P., Chan, W.-M., Wu, A. K.-L., Lung, K.-C., Tsang, O. T.-Y., Leung, W.-S., Hung, I. F.-N., Yuen, K.-Y., & Chen, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Queen Mary Hospital (CN)
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital (CN)
- Princess Margaret Hospital (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Yuen, Kwok-Yung
- Chen, Zhiwei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 864-877.e5
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7402670
- OpenAlex
- W3043502363
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 190 · 2020: 37
- FWCI
- 14.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Hong Kong
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, dendritic cells, T cell response, lymphopenia, natural killer cells, monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, neutralizing antibodies, receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid protein, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, acute infection, convalescent patients, vaccine development
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Convalescence, Dendritic Cells, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Killer Cells, Natural, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Coronavirus Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Disease Progression, Lymphocyte Count, Diabetes Complications, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Pandemics
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