The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Sorted by citations
Items 1,601–1,700 of 3,233
Study of Consumer Brand Following Intention on Instagram
Madan, S. K., & Kapoor, P. S. (2021) · International Journal of Online Marketing · doi:10.4018/ijom.2021040103 · Cited by 8
Which Review Can Make You Engage?
Fu, S., Yan, Q., Feng, G. C., & Peng, J. (2021) · Journal of Global Information Management · doi:10.4018/jgim.20211101.oa50 · Cited by 8
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) adopted a holistic perspective of a brand that includes consumers’ perceived utilitarian, hedonic and symbolic aspects of the brand.”
BackgroundTrajectories of influential conceptual articles in service research
Li, L. P., Fehrer, J. A., Brodie, R. J., & Jurić, B. (2021) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-04-2021-0121 · Cited by 10
Self-citationJuliana, J., Pramezwary, A., Alicia, A., Daria, D., Fenny, F., & Rhoswenlin, R. (2021) · Khasanah Ilmu - Jurnal Pariwisata Dan Budaya · doi:10.31294/khi.v12i2.10489 · Cited by 8
THE ROLE OF USER ENGAGEMENT IN ELECTRONIC 1 WORD-OF-MOUTH AND ONLINE PERFORMANCE
Barlas, A., Stamboulis, Y., & Vleioras, A. (2020) · Organization & Management Scientific Quartely · doi:10.29119/1899-6116.2020.49.1 · Cited by 8
Radhakrishna, B. R., Mohanty, P. K., Acharya, A., & Gupta, M. (2021) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v25i0.3199 · Cited by 8
“Past research studies generally suggest that customer satisfaction consists of an overall evaluation of the consumer-brand interactions following purchase or consumption of a product or a service (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTrivedi, J., Arora, P., & Soni, S. (2022) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2022.2052630 · Cited by 11
“They include customer involvement in product or service development, upselling, customer referrals and feed-back, e-word of mouth (e-WoM), and customer satisfaction (Brodie et al., 2013; Cheung et al., 2015; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Van Asperen et al., 2018).”
BackgroundAchieving Brand Engagement and Brand Equity Through Co-creation Process
Pereira, T., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Sarmento, E. M. (2022) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/09732586221083862 · Cited by 8
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) conceptualised three other dimensions for customer engagement in social media: cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
BackgroundMazerant, K., Willemsen, L. M., Neijens, P. C., van Schooten, E., & van Noort, G. (2022) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2022.2074119 · Cited by 8
“Although social media engagement could also refer to a psychological state in the consumer-brand relationship (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014), the perspective of social media engagement based on behavioral manifestations in terms of likes, shares and comments (Van Doorn et al.”
BackgroundMediating Role of Customer Engagement: Brand Image Enhancement from Social-Media Marketing
Panjaitan, R. (2022) · Jurnal Maksipreneur Manajemen Koperasi dan Entrepreneurship · doi:10.30588/jmp.v12i1.971 · Cited by 8
Evolution of Research in Interactive Marketing: A Bibliometric and Thematic Review
Verma, D., Kumar, S., & Kumar, D. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14961-0_2 · Cited by 8
You’ve Over the Line! Muslim Consumers are Resistant to Opposite Brand Values
Faza, F. T., Timur, Y. P., Mutmainah, L., & Rusgianto, S. (2022) · Shirkah Journal of Economics and Business · doi:10.22515/shirkah.v7i3.529 · Cited by 8
Williams, A., Atwal, G., & Bryson, D. (2023) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/jsc.2554 · Cited by 8
Kei, L. M., Osman, S., & Paim, L. (2017) · International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarems/v6-i4/3477 · Cited by 8
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) Involvement, customer brand engagement, self-brand connection, and brand usage intent.”
BackgroundMethodConsumer Behavior on Social Media: A Thematic Exploration and an Agenda for Future Inquiry
Lopez, A., & Castaño, R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94613-9_17 · Cited by 9
Engaging customers with hospitality brands in social commerce activities
Zhang, T. C., Jahromi, M. F., Hua, N., & Lu, L. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-04-2019-0056 · Cited by 11
Decoding the chain of effects of family firm image on consumer behaviour
Köhr, C. K., Corsi, A. M., Capitello, R., & Malorgio, G. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1932 · Cited by 8
Consumer brand engagement in the US–China trade war
Lee, Y.-H., Wei, C.-F., Lee, B., Cheng, Y., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-03-2020-0162 · Cited by 7
Aziz, M. A., & Ahmed, M. A. (2021) · Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics · doi:10.33897/fujbe.v6i1.441 · Cited by 8
“Customer brand engagement included 4-items originally developed by (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRevealing the Impact of the Crowdsourcing Experience on the Engagement ProcessPreprint
Troll, J., Blohm, I., & Leimeister, J. M. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3159132 · Cited by 8
“The cognitive dimension can be interpreted as a more passive state of immersion and absorption (e.g., being focused and stimulated) (Hollebeek 2011; Hollebeek et al. 2014) or a more active state of cognitive processing to expedite comprehension (e.g., reasoning, learning or decision making) (Mollen…”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Luxury Charter Yacht Value Proposition: Co-creating Customer Experiences
Batchelor, L., & Williams, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86406-4_3 · Cited by 7
Advertising Engagement: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
AKARSU, H., & Sever, N. S. (2023) · Fonseca Journal of Communication · doi:10.14201/fjc.31217 · Cited by 9
Gross, J., & Lunardo, R. (2023) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-023-09707-1 · Cited by 7
“To date, the research into online engagement has primarily centered around consumers’ motivations to engage in social media (Brodie et al., 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014), highlighting social media’s ability to fulfill consumers’ needs for excitement (Tellis et al., 2019) and empowerment (Ho &…”
Ross, S. M. (2024) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-06-2023-0183 · Cited by 7
Štumpf, P., & Kubalová, T. (2024) · Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism · doi:10.1016/j.jort.2024.100777 · Cited by 7
Chen, R., & Yan, H. (2024) · Behavior and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2361349 · Cited by 7
“Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie (2014) conceptualised and measured brand engagement among social media consumers, revealing that the degree of affection for social media positively impacts users’ self-brand connections and their continued intention to use the platform (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie…”
Σταθοπούλου, Α., Kreuzer, M., & Frisenberg, C. (2024) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.07.003 · Cited by 7
Marvi, R., Foroudi, P., & Jerez-Jerez, M. J. (2024) · Corporate Reputation Review · doi:10.1057/s41299-024-00198-y · Cited by 10
How Streamers Enhance Consumer Engagement and Brand Equity in Live Commerce
Jiao, Y., Sarigöllü, E., Lou, L., & Jo, M. (2024) · Journal of Global Information Management · doi:10.4018/jgim.352039 · Cited by 7
., P. P., Verma, P., & Singh, J. (2024) · International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management · doi:10.1007/s13198-024-02575-6 · Cited by 7
Artificial intelligence-driven brand strategy: Impact on awareness, image, equity, and loyalty
Laksamana, P., Saripudin, S., Suharyanto, S., & Cahaya, Y. F. (2024) · Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development · doi:10.24294/jipd10084 · Cited by 9
Shitile, T. S., Syrrakos, D., & Emediegwu, L. (2025) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103626 · Cited by 7
The Effect of Consumers' Affective Engagement on Their Personal Data Disclosure on Social Media
Urbonavičius, S., Hollebeek, L. D., & Simanavičiūtė, A. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2481 · Cited by 7
Self-citationLu, X., Guo, W. R., Wang, Y., & Zhang, H. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2520997 · Cited by 8
“It also seeks to shape consumers’ long-term decision-making paths (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
InfluentialNew for old? How does augmented reality encourage tourist engagement towards a heritage site?
Albayrak, T., Fong, L. H. N., Caber, M., Kılıçarslan, Ö., & Cater, C. (2025) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-06-2024-0347 · Cited by 8
Kilumile, J. W., Zuo, L., & John, J. K. (2025) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-01-2025-0095 · Cited by 8
Nadeem, W., Ashraf, A. R., & Hultman, M. (2025) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-07-2024-0572 · Cited by 11
Sharma, A., Kaurav, R. P. S., & Koul, S. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70154 · Cited by 8
Naeem, M. B. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104695 · Cited by 10
Kukreti, R., & Yadav, M. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104725 · Cited by 10
Bibliometric analysis of the customer experience literature
Gallardo-Garcia, J., Pagán-Castaño, E., Sánchez, J., & Guijarro-García, M. (2022) · Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja · doi:10.1080/1331677x.2022.2137822 · Cited by 12
“In the 2010s, the concept of customer engagement appeared (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2010; Libai et al., 2010; Van Doorn et al., 2010).”
BackgroundThe importance of content marketing for achieving customer brand engagement
Mahmić-Muhić, N., & Klico, A. (2022) · BH Ekonomski forum · doi:10.5937/bhekofor2201131m · Cited by 7
Rural place branding processes: actor engagement in service ecosystems
Gulisova, B., Horbel, C., & Noe, E. (2023) · Journal of Place Management and Development · doi:10.1108/jpmd-11-2022-0105 · Cited by 7
Should Your Chatbot Joke? Driving Conversion Through the Humour of a Chatbot Greeting
Lekaviciute, V., Auruškevičienė, V., & Reardon, J. (2023) · Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies · doi:10.15388/omee.2023.14.89 · Cited by 7
Does brand anthropomorphism and brand intimacy matter to assess consumers’ engagement successfully?
Thanh, N. N. Đ., & Trong, P. N. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2249897 · Cited by 10
“Therefore, in line with the research context, the authors have defined Brand Engagement as the interaction between the brand and the consumer through emotional, cognitive, and social aspects (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Vivek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInteractive Mechanisms to Improve Service Innovation Among Sports Clubs: A Consumer Perspective
Behnam, M., Sato, M., Baker, B. J., & JALILI, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.2022-0360 · Cited by 8
The role of social media marketing (SMM) in building frozen food brand loyalty
Kristiyono, Y. R., Supratikno, H., & Hariandja, E. S. (2023) · Innovative Marketing · doi:10.21511/im.19(4).2023.14 · Cited by 10
How sustainability shapes consumer preferences on special occasions
Dasmi, C., Acuti, D., Mazzoli, V., et al. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3781 · Cited by 7
Yang, R., Wibowo, S., Mubarak, S., & Rahamathulla, M. (2024) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2354418 · Cited by 11
Zimand-Sheiner, D., Kol, O., & Levy, S. (2024) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-06-2023-0293 · Cited by 7
Gamification in Retail: Enhancing Grocery Customer Experience with Location-Based Strategies
Zandi, A., & Sekhavat, Y. A. (2024) · International Journal of Serious Games · doi:10.17083/ijsg.v11i2.721 · Cited by 9
“Interacting with gamified features such as rewards and challenges cultivates a deeper emotional and psychological connection to the brand, boosting satisfaction, loyalty, and advocacy [56].”
BackgroundInnovative Strategies in Digital Marketing: Enhancing Consumer Engagement and Brand Loyalty
Muharam, H., Wandrial, S., Rumondang, P. R., Handayani, M. A., & Masruchan, M. (2024) · Global International Journal of Innovative Research · doi:10.59613/global.v2i7.236 · Cited by 7
“Understanding which innovative strategies are most effective in engaging consumers and building brand loyalty is crucial for marketers aiming to optimize their digital marketing efforts (Hollebeek, Glynn, & Brodie, 2014).”
BackgroundNguyen, N., Dang, V. T., Vo‐Thanh, T., Thai, T. D.-H., & Nguyễn, H. V. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12918-2 · Cited by 8
“Applied to SNSs, customer engagement refers to “ a consumer’s positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioural activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions ” (Hollebeek et al., 2014, p. 154).”
Me and my brand(s): Exploring the psychological resource exchange in consumer-brand relationships
Razmus, W. (2024) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101123 · Cited by 8
Sound in mode on: how sound stimuli influence customer engagement?
Valenzuela-Gálvez, E. S., González‐Benito, Ó., & Garrido-Morgado, Á. (2024) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-024-09902-w · Cited by 13
“Although individuals perceive discrete stimuli, the total configuration of the stimuli that determines their responses to the environment [28].”
An empirical evidence of factors underlying TikTok usage: A serial mediation analysis
Chaihanchanchai, P., & Anantachart, S. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2024.2419024 · Cited by 7
“This approach focuses more on behavioral aspects, rather than its multidimensionality (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
InfluentialAntecedents and Consequences of Viewers' Engagement Toward Vlogging
Banik, S., Giri, A., & Chatterjee, S. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2467 · Cited by 7
Upadhyaya, B., Torres, J. L. S., Bhattarai, A., Malekshah, N. N., & Zhang, H. (2025) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2025.2472380 · Cited by 11
“In their study, Hollebeek et al. (2014) used the construct brand usage intent as the consequence of customer engagement.”
InfluentialEngajamento dos Consumidores com o Boca a Boca Eletrônico Negativo em Lojas de Aplicativos Móveis
de Andrade, A. P. V., & Ramos, A. S. M. (2017) · Revista de Administração Contemporânea · doi:10.1590/1982-7849rac2017160318 · Cited by 7
Raajpoot, N. A., & Ghilni-Wage, B. (2019) · DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University) · Cited by 7
Customer Loyalty and Brand Management
Yagüe Guillén, M. J., & Rubio, N. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03921-336-8 · Cited by 12
The Effect of Customer Engagement Social Media to Brand Loyalty Indosat Ooredoo
Afifah, L., Chan, A., & Nirmalasari, H. (2020) · Ekonomi Bisnis · doi:10.17977/um042v25i1p38-52 · Cited by 7
Review of Consumer Engagement and Digital Entertainment on Over the Top Platforms
Dhote, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9724-4_2 · Cited by 7
The coronavirus pandemic narratives in Italian digital media
Fitera, J. M., Vences, N. A., & Sánchez, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Science Communication · doi:10.22323/2.20020207 · Cited by 6
Effectuation processes of social media and student entrepreneurs in South Korea
Choi, H. (2021) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1080/00472778.2021.1980218 · Cited by 7
Presti, L. L., Testa, M., Maggiore, G., & Marino, V. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07828-3 · Cited by 6
Six emotional stages of organisational change: Conceptualisation and scale development
Castillo, C. (2022) · Economics & Sociology · doi:10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-1/16 · Cited by 7
“To develop a psychometrically valid scale about the six emotional stages of organisational change, we followed the procedures used by prior researchers (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
MethodInfluentialIssues in defining and placing consumer brand engagement
Cantone, L., Testa, P., & Marrone, T. (2022) · Italian Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1007/s43039-022-00054-z · Cited by 13
“Moreover, the names of the first two authors mentioned above (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014) appear among the keywords that characterise “emerging theme 3”, underlining their important role in the conceptualisation of the topic, widely acknowledged in the selected literature.”
BackgroundMa, G., & Ma, J. (2022) · Future Transportation · doi:10.3390/futuretransp2020028 · Cited by 7
“The strength of the passenger– brand relationship is largely dependent on the passenger’s engagement with the airport brand [28].”
BackgroundEvent Engagement: Using Event Experiences to Build Brands
Altschwager, T., Conduit, J., Karpen, I. O., & Goodman, S. (2022) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1177/14413582221127317 · Cited by 13
“Extant customer engagement research attends mainly to single engagement foci, predominantly a brand or virtual platform (e.g., Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAlcaraz, A. O. (2023) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel14040506 · Cited by 7
Alcaraz, A. O. (2023) · methaodos revista de ciencias sociales · doi:10.17502/mrcs.v11i1.676 · Cited by 7
Antecedents of Engagement within Online Sharing Economy Communities
Cai, Y., & Bae, B. R. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15108322 · Cited by 7
Koob, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2023.1195620 · Cited by 8
Emojis and Users’ Brand Engagement in Instagram. The Case of Eco-Friendly Restaurants
Ballester, E., Rubio, N., & Mafé, C. R. (2023) · Journal of Tourism and Services · doi:10.29036/jots.v14i27.514 · Cited by 7
“For instance, Hollebeek et al. (2014) proposed it as a three-dimensional construct with cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions.”
BackgroundA Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Customer Service Chatbots
Mariciuc, D. F. (2023) · Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.2478/mdke-2023-0004 · Cited by 11
Firm engagement: Scale development and verification
Han, X., Zheng, Y., Prentice, C., & Chen, S. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103902 · Cited by 7
Determinants of Customer Engagement in Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) Communication
Rani, A., Jagadeeswari, I. U., & N., S. H. (2021) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3919-4.ch011 · Cited by 7
Zaidun, N. A., Muda, M., & Hashim, N. H. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i6/10198 · Cited by 8
“Mostly, marketing studies' engagement focuses on the consumer (Dwivedi, 2015; Hollebeek & Chen, 2014; Hollebeek et al., 2014) or customer (Vivek et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialImpact of social media on start-up survival: Qualitative evidence from Ghana
Bruce, E., Shurong, Z., Akakpo, A., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31039/jomeino.2022.6.2.4 · Cited by 7
Erdiyana, L. Y., Muslichah, I., Mulia, R., & Setyaning, A. N. A. (2022) · JBTI Jurnal Bisnis Teori dan Implementasi · doi:10.18196/jbti.v13i1.14453 · Cited by 7
Gamification and Brand Engagement on Facebook: An Exploratory Case Study
Summers, J. D., & Young, A. (2016) · Americas Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 7
Suh, T., Kang, S., & Kemp, E. (2018) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-018-9320-0 · Cited by 8
CUSTOMER BASED BRAND TOLERANCE (CBBT): SCALE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Sözer, E. (2019) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/bmij.v7i5.1339 · Cited by 3
“As a part of the procedure which is implemented by Brakus et al. (2009) and followed by Hollebeek et al. (2014), the scale items for three dimensions were tested in terms of content validity.”
MethodCapturing Consumer Experiences: A Context-Specific Approach to Measuring EngagementPreprint
Isaac, M. S., Calder, B. J., & Malthouse, E. C. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2608149 · Cited by 7
Tourist Engagement: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Empirical Validation
Huang, S. (2017) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 7
Rasty, F., & Filieri, R. (2023) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-02-2023-0135 · Cited by 16
Hands-on sustainability: designing an engaging undergraduate sustainable business course
Abdou, Y. A., & Ammar, N. (2024) · International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/ijshe-07-2023-0300 · Cited by 12
Zhang, Y., & Liu, C. (2024) · Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics · doi:10.1108/jebde-07-2024-0021 · Cited by 6
Malik, G., & Singh, P. (2024) · Services Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15332969.2024.2428521 · Cited by 6
“Cross-platform navigability was measured by Agarwal et al. (2023), while the Brand engagement (BE) scale developed by Hollebeek et al. (2014) was adapted.”
From Interaction to Loyalty: The Role of Digital Engagement in Automobile Consumers
Terason, S., Pattanayanon, P., & Phawitpiriyakliti, C. (2025) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/9912657 · Cited by 7
Consumer Culture, Sub-cultures, and the Dynamics of the Contemporary Branding
Yang, H., Gendi, R. E., Saadeldin, M. M. K., & Samir, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80859-3_5 · Cited by 6
Ou, Y., & Li, H. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07743-w · Cited by 7
Mendoza-Moreira, M., Velázquez, B. M., Contrí, G. B., & Saura, I. G. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20020088 · Cited by 6
A co-creation involving peripheral cues: When and how engagement size generates persuasiveness
Li, P., & Sun, Y. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104311 · Cited by 6
Tran, T. P., Dai, B., Sun, Q., & Nguyen, T. T. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-025-00410-w · Cited by 6
“Until recently, marketing scholars generally agreed that CBE is a multidimensional construct encompassing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral interactions between a customer and a brand (Hollebeek et al. 2014).”
Examining Customer Brand Engagement in Online Financial Services Provided by Fintech
Barbu, C. M., Gîrboveanu, S., Popescu, D. V., et al. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20020100 · Cited by 6
“CBE is considered as a multifaceted construct built from the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral perspective [18–20], ultimately being an indicator of customer–brand relationships [7,21].”
InfluentialNguyen, L.-T., Phan, T.-T. C., & Dang, T.-Q. (2025) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/09732586251359718 · Cited by 7
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) inferred that CBE accentuates the interactive experience of consumers, clarified as ‘a consumers’ positively valanced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioural activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions’.”
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City branding’s influence on social media engagement: the cool factor
Schivinski, B., Li, X., Alahmari, A. M., Nguyen, Q. P., Czarnecka, B., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-04-2025-5959 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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