The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Sorted by citations
Items 1,801–1,900 of 3,233
Khan, F., Mehmood, A., & Talat, A. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.32 · Cited by 5
Ibrahim, R. I. M., & Bayram, P. (2023) · Journal of Financial Services Marketing · doi:10.1057/s41264-023-00216-w · Cited by 7
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) considered affective, behavioral, and cognitive elements as fundamental to CE.”
InfluentialFactors affecting Consumer Brand Sabotage virality: a study of an Indian brand #boycott
Bhatia, R., Gupta, A., Vimalkumar, M., & Sharma, D. (2023) · Information Systems and e-Business Management · doi:10.1007/s10257-023-00628-0 · Cited by 7
“…through virtual brand communities (Brodie et al. 2013; von Hoffen et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2021) to increase consumers’ intention to use the brand (Hollebeek et al. 2014), recent research has also started focusing on negative brand relationships being expressed on social media platforms in the…”
Yaprak, B., & Cengiz, E. (2023) · Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review) · doi:10.21121/eab.1196815 · Cited by 5
Maar, D., Kéfi, H., & Orhan, M. A. (2023) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) · doi:10.1177/20515707231161808 · Cited by 8
“On average, the participants in Study 2 perceived the level of ephemerality as very different, depending on the experimental condition they were assigned to.”
BackgroundI am Addicted to You My Love: Exploring the Crucial Significance of Brand Addiction
Gumparthi, V. P., Jog, D., & Sharma, P. (2023) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/09722629231168758 · Cited by 5
Consumer Engagement on Weibo in a Professional Sport Context: The Case of the Chinese Super League
Cao, Y., Xu, Z., & Matsuoka, H. (2023) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2023-0162 · Cited by 6
How do Social Media Environments and Self-Brand Connection Give an Impact on Brand Advocacy?
Bismo, A., Prabowo, H., Heriyati, P., & Abdinagoro, S. B. (2023) · WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS · doi:10.37394/23207.2023.20.148 · Cited by 5
“Referring to, [27] the involvement of a consumer can increase the positive relationship of self-brand connection and brand use intention, through consumer involvement in the context of social media.”
Exploring Sustainable Retail Experiences: Shall We Make It Fashionable?
Wang, M., Marsden, J., Oguz, E., & Thomas, M. A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152316478 · Cited by 11
Sports brand love 2.0 in the context of football teams
Boluda, I. K., Mafé, C. R., & Grover, G. O. (2024) · Managing Sport and Leisure · doi:10.1080/23750472.2023.2299835 · Cited by 6
“…in the team (Geçti & Zengin, 2013); interaction with other fans (James & Ridinger, 2002); social identity (Qu & Lee, 2011); fan support-engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Biscaia et al., 2016); dependence on social networks (Ruiz-Mafe et al., 2014); psychological commitment to the team (Mahony…”
Measuring Virtual Event Quality (VEQual): Scale Development and Validation
Kim, S., Kim, H. L., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/10963480231220263 · Cited by 5
“Considering that virtual event attendees’ demands and expectations are likely to change over time (Zhang et al., 2022), future research should adopt a longitudinal design to contribute insights regarding VEQual phases by representing focal patterns of change (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
To comment or not? The role of brand-related content type on social media
Ciunova-Shuleska, A., Palamidovska-Sterjadovska, N., Bogoevska-Gavrilova, I., & Mihajlov, M. (2024) · Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja · doi:10.1080/1331677x.2024.2308876 · Cited by 8
“…of the construct (as a psychological and/or behavioral) (Hollebeek, 2011; Van Doorn et al., 2010) and further operationalization development (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Schivinski et al., 2016), empirical validation of the conceptual models comprising customer engagement and its antecedents…”
The Effect of Online Engagement on New Product Performance: Why Fit and Brand Longevity Matter
Perron-Brault, A., Legoux, R., Dantas, D. C., & Nepomuceno, M. V. (2024) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1177/10949968231223111 · Cited by 5
“…adopt a practical approach that mixes the third and fourth perspectives and posits that in the context of social media, customer engagement is made up of customer activities (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Van Doorn et al. 2010) and customer contributions to fi rm value (Pansari and Kumar 2017).”
Romdhane, S. B., Mnasri, K., Ayed, T. L., & Mejri, T. (2024) · The Journal of High Technology Management Research · doi:10.1016/j.hitech.2024.100494 · Cited by 5
Wu, T., Reynolds, J., Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Wu, J. (2024) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12830 · Cited by 7
Liao, S.-H., Hu, D.-C., & Hou, S.-Y. (2024) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783363.2024.2353778 · Cited by 5
“For customer engagement, this study modi fi es the de fi nition of Hollebeek et al. (2014) and uses three items to consider which telecommunications service fi rm customers prefer when they handle related services.”
MethodLeveraging Intelligent Process Automation for Customer Engagement in Sales and Marketing
Sharma, A., Gangwar, V. P., Bhattacharyya, A., et al. (2024) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5380-6.ch017 · Cited by 5
Akhtar, M., Khan, N. A., Khan, A. A., & Khan, A. Y. (2024) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-03-2024-0168 · Cited by 5
Driving Environmental Change: The Impact of Social Media on Gen Z’s Sustainability Efforts
Tass, I. A. M. M. A. (2025) · South Eastern European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.70135/seejph.vi.3639 · Cited by 20
Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, A. K., Tran, K. T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Global Responsibility · doi:10.1108/jgr-08-2024-0143 · Cited by 5
Rodríguez-Ardura, I., Meseguer-Artola, A., Lladós-Masllorens, J., & de Luna, I. R. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-025-00531-3 · Cited by 6
“To depict cognitive engagement and affective engagement, we used items from McQuarrie and Munson (1992) and Hollebeek et al. (2014), respectively.”
Fashion Bloggers as Human Brands: Exploring Brand Personality within the Blogosphere
Cuevas, L. M. (2016) · Cited by 5
Social Media Influencers and Consumer Online Engagement Management
Lu, Q., & Seah, Z. Y. (2017) · Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer, and management book series/Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer and management book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2897-5.ch004 · Cited by 5
Wolter, L., Chan‐Olmsted, S. M., & Altobelli, C. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-17550-4_18 · Cited by 5
YENİ MEDYANIN KİŞİSEL MARKALAMA YÖNÜNDEN KULLANIMI: CEO MARKALARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Taşkıran, H. B. (2017) · Intermedia International e-journal · doi:10.21645/intermedia.2017.28 · Cited by 5
A major boost to the website performance of up-scale hotels in Vietnam
Vo, N. T., Chоvancοva, M., & Tri, H. T. (2019) · Management & Marketing · doi:10.2478/mmcks-2019-0002 · Cited by 5
Facebook and Polícia de Segurança Pública: An Exploratory Study of Follower’s Engagement
Morgado, S. M. A., Moniz, T., & Felgueiras, S. (2019) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1564-4_34 · Cited by 5
BENGÜL, S. S. (2019) · Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi · doi:10.16878/gsuilet.639059 · Cited by 5
Demystifying engagement: Chinese advertising practitioners’ perspective
Chen, H., Wang, R., & Liang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/1470785320905273 · Cited by 5
“In contrast, cognition is often the first thing scholars look at (Brodie et al., 2011; Dessart et al., 2015; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Vivek et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCustomer versus member engagement: Does mutuality matter?
Mazzarol, T. W., Soutar, G. N., Reboud, S., & Clark, D. N. (2022) · Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jcom.2022.100166 · Cited by 7
Purani, K., & Jeesha, K. (2021) · AMS Review · doi:10.1007/s13162-020-00189-2 · Cited by 11
It Takes a Village: Co-creation and Co-design for Social Media Health Promotion
Brennan, L., Molenaar, A., Sherman, A., Chin, S., Reid, M., Truby, H., & McCaffrey, T. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8517-3_4 · Cited by 8
Graph Neural Network for Customer Engagement Prediction on Social Media Platforms
Ma, T., Hu, Y., Lu, Y., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.505 · Cited by 5
Digital Marketing in Luxury Fashion: From Crisis to Strength
Mekonnen, A., & Larner, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70324-0_9 · Cited by 5
Megatari, A. (2021) · Cited by 5
Customer Engagement in Social Media Brand Community
Omran, W. (2021) · Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.52711/2321-5828.2021.00026 · Cited by 5
“…customer experience, customer engagement literature also, researchers have discovered a positive influence of engagement on repeat purchase (Hollebeek et al., 2014, pt. Managerial Implications; Van Doorn et al., 2010, p. 254), moreover, it was mentioned that engagement not only play an…”
BackgroundThe Mediating Role of Customer Engagement on Brand Involvement and Emotional Brand Attachment
Qaiser, S., Bashir, M. A., Yasir, M., & Fahim, S. M. (2021) · Lahore Journal of Business · doi:10.35536/ljb.2021.v9.i2.a2 · Cited by 5
“In this regard, a 10-item scale was validated by (Hollebeek et al., 2014) , in order to measure the three-dimensional OCBE measurement scale In broad terms, there are various predictors of engagement, as it is an iterative process that ideally takes time to take its complete course (Bowden, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMehmet, M., & D'Alessandro, S. (2022) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2022.2105933 · Cited by 5
“…valuable, as imagery and stories can be leveraged for marketing purposes (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Simon & Tossan, 2018; Weinberg et al., 2013), as well as gaining a deeper understanding of the best ways to connect with brand and product communities (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Weinberg et al., 2013).”
BackgroundLiu, Y., Tang, X., Li, P., & Wang, X. (2022) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-11-2021-0897 · Cited by 6
Consumer engagement and place identity in online travel forums
Chen, C., White, C. J., & Ting, W.-H. (2022) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2022.2143623 · Cited by 6
“Finally, the behavioural dimension reflects the consumer’s level of energy, effort, and time spent interacting with the brand (Hollebeek, Glynn, & Brodie, 2014).”
Word of mouse! What drives consumer voluntarism to write online reviews?
Rasool, G., & Pathania, A. (2023) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2023.2230482 · Cited by 4
“Writing online reviews is complimented with high customer engagement, also referred to as a psychological state of mind (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014) as it is largely voluntary and considered a helping behavior (Gonçalves, Silva, and Martins 2018).”
Corporate Account As a New Endorser Developing Parasocial Relationships with Customers
Mizukoshi, K. (2023) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2023.2255249 · Cited by 6
“…brand but an engagement with the content associated with the brand on social media (Schivinski, Christodoulides, and Dabrowski 2016) that allows us to focus on the actual behavior of customers on social media rather than the affective/cognitive aspects thereof (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
BackgroundDrivers and outcomes of online customer engagement – evidence from Balkan countries
Jashari, F., & Zeqiri, J. (2023) · Journal of Enterprising Communities People and Places in the Global Economy · doi:10.1108/jec-05-2023-0079 · Cited by 5
Engagement and loyalty in mobile applications for restaurant home deliveries
Giraldo, B. E. L., López-Ramírez, Y. M., & Vargas-Piedrahita, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28289 · Cited by 6
“Although research on engagement has expanded significantly in recent years, there is still no universally accepted definition concerning this construct, even though most authors approach it from the multiple dimensions previously described [1,28 – 31].”
BackgroundConsumers' Choice Behavior Towards Sustainable Fashion Based on Social Media Influence
Singh, N. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3049-4.ch001 · Cited by 5
Zahid, M. N., Kamran, M., Szostak, M., & Awan, T. M. (2024) · foresight · doi:10.1108/fs-10-2023-0197 · Cited by 8
The Impact of Brand Post Strategy and Social Media Engagement on Customer Loyalty
Jacob, J. K., & Bindal, M. (2018) · International Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.18843/ijms/v5i3(8)/06 · Cited by 5
Hoskins, J. D., & Brown, B. A. (2018) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-01-2018-0015 · Cited by 5
Social Media, Online Brand Communities, and Customer Engagement in the Fashion Industry
Helal, G. (2019) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7344-9.ch007 · Cited by 5
Loureiro, S. M. C., & Bilro, R. G. (2019) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8575-6.ch002 · Cited by 5
Social Networking Brand Engagement using Creative Brand Content Experiences
San, K. O., BAKAR, S. A., & Seduram, L. (2020) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v13n4p63 · Cited by 7
“The heart-dimension which is also named affective/emotional engagement is described as positive emotion (Hollebeek 2011a; Solem, 2016; Dessart et al., 2015), or positive related affect (Hollebeek et al. 2014) with the brand.”
BackgroundInfluentialHow Consumer Brand Engagement Effect on Purchase Intention? The Role of Social Media Elements
Bilal, M., Jianqu, Z., & Ming, J. (2021) · Journal of Business Strategy Finance and Management · doi:10.12944/jbsfm.02.01.06 · Cited by 5
“Defined as "consumers' brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity connected to focal brand interactions" (Hollebeek et al., 2014, p. 149), CBE is a multi-disciplinary idea withemotive, rational, and behavioral scopes (Gomez et al., 2019; MartosPartal et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAbdelkader, A. A., & Ebrahim, R. S. (2021) · International Journal of Online Marketing · doi:10.4018/ijom.2021100101 · Cited by 5
Subagio, G. I., Jawhar, R., & Wibowo, A. J. I. (2020) · Kajian Branding Indonesia · doi:10.21632/kbi.2.1.35-68 · Cited by 9
Social media brand communities and brand value co-creation: Evidences from Italy
Rialti, R., Zollo, L., Laudano, M. C., & Ciappei, C. (2018) · MERCATI & COMPETITIVITÀ · doi:10.3280/mc2018-003007 · Cited by 5
Zhuang, J. (2018) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 5
Consumer Engagement with Self-Driving Cars: A Theory of Planned Behavior-Informed PerspectivePreprint
Hollebeek, L. D., Menidjel, C., Itani, O. S., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4093798 · Cited by 5
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence and Future of Business Management Research: Key Questions and Opportunities
Rana, S. (2025) · FIIB Business Review · doi:10.1177/23197145251379928 · Cited by 5
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Chatbots in Customer Engagement in Tourism
Al-Aamri, M. S. H., Alkoud, S., & Gulvady, S. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5332-6.ch007 · Cited by 4
Fu, S., & Peng, J. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70014 · Cited by 6
Fashioning Intangible Cultural Heritage in Tourism
Xie, C., Zhu, H., Zhang, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875251353481 · Cited by 4
“Consumer engagement encompasses the brand-related cognitions, emotions, and behaviors generated by consumers during their interactions with a brand (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Ibrahim, A. A., Ahmad, S. Z., Bakar, A. R. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of International Education in Business · doi:10.1108/jieb-08-2024-0105 · Cited by 4
Chou, C.-H., & Chen, D.-N. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105515 · Cited by 4
Li, W., Cheng, S., Ling, S., & Zheng, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1711672 · Cited by 8
“Emotional engagement is the emotional investment, emotional arousal, and inner resonance experienced by individuals during media consumption, with its core being the emotional connectedness established between the user and the media content (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Nabi and Green, 2014).”
Rawangngam, N., Pongsakornrungsilp, S., Pongsakornrungsilp, P., Pongsakornrungsilp, P., & Moghadas, S. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20040319 · Cited by 6
“On TikTok, customer brand engagement (CBE) is reflected in participatory behaviors such as liking, commenting, and sharing brand-related content, or co-creating videos that align with brand narratives [29,30].”
Jia, D. Y., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1177/21522715251404199 · Cited by 5
“15,38,39 In the SFV environment, hedonic enjoyment, escapist relief, and social connection tend to co-occur, forming an integrated sense of involvement that sustains users ’ attention and deep-ens their immersion.”
Exploring consumer responses to user-generated AI ads: A comparative analysis
Yang, J. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2025.2606891 · Cited by 4
Luo, X., Lim, W. M., Suh, A., Idris, I., Soon, P., Ma, L., & Cheah, J. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116049 · Cited by 7
Zhu, T., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21030085 · Cited by 4
“This co-created authenticity distinguishes heritage-brand livestreaming from conventional transactional livestreaming models, in which interaction primarily enhances entertainment and impulse buying [9,34].”
TRANSFORMASI PERILAKU KONSUMEN DI ERA DIGITAL: STUDI DAN IMPLIKASI UMKM SAMBAL DEDE SATOE
Dewi, M. R., Setyaningrum, I., Ariani, M., Pramana, B. B. A., & Theterissa, L. (2023) · JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi) · doi:10.35794/jmbi.v10i3.50505 · Cited by 3
“Penting bagi pembeli dapat memanfaatkan media sosial untuk terlibat dengan bisnis (Hollebeek, et al., 2014).”
BackgroundQuality of care in mental health services: does patient engagement play a role?
Rahman, M. S., Hossain, M. A., Rushan, M. R. I., Hassan, H., & Talwar, V. (2024) · International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management · doi:10.1108/ijqrm-10-2021-0373 · Cited by 5
Cui, B., Yang, X., & Li, R. (2024) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2024.2348484 · Cited by 4
“The participatory nature of beauty tutorials is manifested in their potential to trigger individuals’ media practices and influence their real-life self-improvement behaviours (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Luo, R. (2024) · Journal of Applied Data Sciences · doi:10.47738/jads.v5i2.227 · Cited by 11
“…the rise of social media and digital marketing, the way in which brand image is constructed and communicated has undergone a transformation, with personal experience, online word-of-mouth, and socio-cultural factors becoming increasingly important to its impact Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie [18].”
BackgroundControlling von Social-Media-Marketing
Zerres, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-45784-6_9 · Cited by 4
Vive la résistance: a boomerang effect of resisting incentivized eWOM on consumer trust
Gvili, Y., & Levy, S. (2024) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2024.2426428 · Cited by 6
“…brand engagement (Hughes, Swaminathan, and Brooks 2019), which is conceptualized as ‘a consumer’s positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions’ (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014, p. 154; Hollebeek 2011b).”
Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Liu, S., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.104054 · Cited by 4
Made With Love: Examining Consumer Engagement With Handmade Versus Machine‐Made Production Cues
Degirmenci, T., Mathmann, F., & Mortimer, G. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2455 · Cited by 5
When hate does not last: the evolution of brand schema in online communities
Ul‐Haq, S., & Kwok, R. Y.-K. (2025) · Qualitative Market Research An International Journal · doi:10.1108/qmr-06-2024-0105 · Cited by 4
Kim, Y. (., & Nicolau, J. L. (2025) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2025.105240 · Cited by 5
Coffie, I. S., Müller, R.-A., Ocloo, E. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-10-2024-5572 · Cited by 4
Zheng, C., Ling, S., Huang, Y., & Li, X. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15081140 · Cited by 10
“Cognitive engagement is the degree of attention, concentration, and depth of thinking that individuals demonstrate during activities involving information processing, such as learning and decision-making (Dessart et al., 2016; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Talking vs typing: how voice- vs text-based educational robots shape student engagement
Mele, C., Russo-Spena, T., Ranieri, A., Bernardo, I. D., & Hollebeek, L. (2025) · Journal of Service Management · doi:10.1108/josm-02-2024-0082 · Cited by 5
Self-citationKumar, A., Shankar, A., Behl, A., & Vrontis, D. (2025) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103369 · Cited by 5
Ghosh, M., & Islam, A. (2025) · Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science · doi:10.1108/jcmars-04-2024-0011 · Cited by 3
Emoji Use in Business Communication: A Literature Review Using TCM and ADO Frameworks
Sun, Y., & Pan, H. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70129 · Cited by 4
The paradox of consumer engagement in ultra-fast fashion consumption
Sallaku, K., Adomavičiūtė, K., Rizomyliotis, I., Iazzi, A., & Christodoulou, I. (2025) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/imr-02-2025-0053 · Cited by 7
Chen, W., & Zhao, L. (2022) · Annals of Organizational Culture Leadership and External Engagement Journal · doi:10.51847/cnxnyfifcq · Cited by 4
Pellicano, M., Marino, V., Montera, R., et al. (2018) · ENLIGHTENING TOURISM A PATHMAKING JOURNAL · doi:10.33776/et.v8i1.3383 · Cited by 4
Chen, J., Wang, A., & Chen, M. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49829-0_52 · Cited by 5
Sustainable Communication and Customer Engagement on Social Media
Yuen, K. M., Fan, Z., & Lo, C. K. Y. (2021) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76935-2_13 · Cited by 4
Framing Facebook Content: An Analysis of How Framing Strategies Drive Facebook Engagement
Trifiro, B. M., Upadahay, A., Liu, S., Zhang, Z., & Prena, K. (2022) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2022.2060413 · Cited by 4
“Arguably, one of the most prominent typologies used to analyze the use of framing is that offered by Iyengar (1991). In his seminal work, Iyengar (1991) identified two main typologies of frames: thematic and episodic. Thematic frames place the issue within a broader context, and focus on general trends or discussions…”
BackgroundInfluentialAn Investigation on the Influence of Blogs on Consumer Engagement Behaviour
Erem, B., & Kuşçu, A. (2021) · Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi · doi:10.18657/yonveek.745426 · Cited by 5
“And when it happens, users start to imitate the community behaviour through a stronger participation and interaction in order to feel community belonging more (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Van Doorn et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSocial Media and Social Identity in the Millennial Generation
Helal, G., & Ozuem, W. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9020-1.ch009 · Cited by 4
Study of Consumer Brand Following Intention on Instagram
Madan, S. K., & Kapoor, P. S. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6287-4.ch104 · Cited by 4
Akbar, T. A., & El-Gohary, H. O. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6287-4.ch057 · Cited by 4
Sahara, S. H., & Windasari, N. A. (2022) · IROCAMM-International Review Of Communication And Marketing Mix · doi:10.12795/irocamm.2022.v05.i02.04 · Cited by 4
Low-Level Video Features as Predictors of Consumer Engagement in Multimedia Advertisement
Oğuz, E. A., Košir, A., Strle, G., & Burnik, U. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13042426 · Cited by 4
Handmade virtual messages to promote foreign fashion brands in Instagram
Macías-Mañas, M. D., López, N. V., & Boluda, I. K. (2023) · Journal of Global Fashion Marketing · doi:10.1080/20932685.2023.2204111 · Cited by 4
“Accordingly, several authors have shown that behavioural intention is one of the consequences of brand engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundL’engagement du consommateur envers la marque : perspective socio-culturelle et voies de recherche
Scarano, M. C., Regany, F., & Özçağlar–Toulouse, N. (2023) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/07673701231180409 · Cited by 4
“La dimension cognitive est « le niveau de traitement et d'élaboration de la pensée du consom-mateur liée à la marque, dans une interaction parti-culière entre le consommateur et la marque » (Hollebeek et al., 2014 : 154).”
BackgroundInfluentialHuang, L.-C. (2023) · Horticulturae · doi:10.3390/horticulturae9080849 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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