The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,701–1,800 of 3,233
Engaging With Ethnic Minority Tourism for Tourist Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well‐Being
Chu, H., Ji, C., Tian, F., & Prentice, C. (2025) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70138 · Cited by 7
Gao, X., Li, W., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1701085 · Cited by 11
“It comprises cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
FOMO-driven binge-scrolling and eudaimonic wellbeing
Zeba, F., Hollebeek, L., Kesharwani, A., Shaheen, M., & Arvola, R. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104752 · Cited by 6
Self-citationThe impact of consumer personality and social network position on brand community engagement
Akdevelioğlu, D., Kara, S., & Perotti, V. J. (2023) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-023-00337-6 · Cited by 6
“Focusing specifically on social media, Hollebeek et al. (2014) denote three CBE dimensions, which are cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
Rahman, M. S., Bag, S., Zinnia, F. H., Rana, N. P., & Gani, M. O. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108083 · Cited by 7
FROM LIKES TO SALES: STUDY ON ENHANCING SOCIAL MEDIA PERFORMANCE FOR INDONESIAN SMES
Roosdhani, M. R., Farida, N., & Indriani, F. (2023) · International Journal of Business and Society · doi:10.33736/ijbs.6407.2023 · Cited by 6
“(2016); Hollebeek et al. (2014)).”
BackgroundRole of brand heritage and nostalgia in developing perceived brand authenticity
Kumar, V., & Kaushal, V. (2024) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-08-2023-0289 · Cited by 6
Be Direct! Restaurant Social Media Posts to Drive Customer Engagement in Times of Crisis and Beyond
Manningham, D., Asselin, H., & Bourguignon, B. (2024) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp5020020 · Cited by 9
“Engagement is a concept consisting of three dimensions: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral [13].”
BackgroundRafeh, M. A., Abbasi, A. Z., Hollebeek, L. D., et al. (2024) · Health Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07359683.2024.2355378 · Cited by 6
“Consumer engagement, defined as a consumer’s cognitive, emotional and behavioral investment in his/her brand interactions (Cheung et al., 2020; Hollebeek et al., 2014), is key in generating consumer behavior outcomes (e.g., purchase intention, customer loyalty, and firm performance; Rodgers &…”
InfluentialSelf-citationOnline Content Creators’ and Viewers’ Interdependent Journeys
Hollebeek, L. D., Anselmsson, J., Adomavičiūtė, K., Krumm, K., Jansson, J., Wait, M., Ooi, B. W., Riivits-Arkonsuo, I., & Lubbe, I. (2024) · Services Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15332969.2024.2364128 · Cited by 12
“Viewers or users may invest differing resource quantity and/or quality in their content interactions (Behnam et al., 2021; Giertz et al., 2022a; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Self-citationTalk to engage: The influence of smartphone voice assistants on consumers’ brand engagement
Zaki, H. O., Omar, N. A., Hashim, S., Kamarulzaman, Y., & Lada, S. (2024) · Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science · doi:10.1080/21639159.2024.2362660 · Cited by 7
“Aaker et al., 2004), and consumer brand engagement with α = .89 ( Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Ghorbanzadeh, D., Rahehagh, A., & Sharbatiyan, M. (2024) · Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/sbm-03-2024-0023 · Cited by 6
Vijay, V. C., Keerthivasan, R., Zhong, G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Information Technology · doi:10.12720/jait.16.3.426-433 · Cited by 6
“Continuing this exploration, Hollebeek et al. [10] addressed the increasing importance of understanding how consumers interact with brands, particularly in social media.”
A dedication-constraint model of omnichannel shopping journey
Li, C., Liao, C. H., & Fang, Y. (2025) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-025-00774-y · Cited by 7
“Once this emotional bond to the brand (CBE) is established, customers have a strong preference for maintaining the relationship with the brand through approach actions (e.g., stickiness and repurchase; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Fang, 2017; Lee et al., 2015).”
InfluentialDiep, D. M., & Le, M. T. T. (2025) · Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing · doi:10.1080/10495142.2025.2488775 · Cited by 6
“Measure for customer engagement (CE) as a multidimensional construct is adopted by Hollebeek et al.,‘s (2014) scale.”
InfluentialData-driven review of customer engagement: key research themes and future directions
Zang, L., Wang, L., Zhang, D., & Bai, Q. (2025) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-025-09967-1 · Cited by 6
The Role of the Korean Media in Shaping Sustainable Tourism Among American Audiences
Choi, H., & Kessler, D. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17073253 · Cited by 6
He, P., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20030196 · Cited by 6
Jani, N. M., Hafiz, M., Maksom, Z., Shariff, M., & Mustapha, R. (2018) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2018.090938 · Cited by 5
“Content Approach Measurement items A questionnaire form with 42 items and was divided into four sections: 1) Cover page 2) Demographic of respondents 3) Item questions in 7-Lickert scale 4) Spaces for comment Adapted scales from relevant literature (refer Table I) Latent variable Adapted Scales Number of item scales O…”
Should charity promotions appeal to altruism?
Leonhardt, J. M., & Peterson, R. T. (2018) · International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing · doi:10.1002/nvsm.1629 · Cited by 6
Engagement: bibliometric analysis
Ortíz, C. L. P., Barraza, J. A. V., & Gilsanz, A. (2018) · Nova Scientia · doi:10.21640/ns.v10i21.1438 · Cited by 7
Do Social Media and E-Mail Engagement Impact Reputation and Trust-Driven Behavior?
Kovač, M., & Žabkar, V. (2020) · Market-Tržište · doi:10.22598/mt/2020.32.1.9 · Cited by 8
Mohamed, E. S. A. (2020) · International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management · doi:10.4018/ijcrmm.2020100101 · Cited by 6
An investigation into the antecedents of frontline service employee guardianship behaviours
Potdar, B., Garry, T., Gnoth, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-06-2020-0124 · Cited by 6
Fraudulent E-Commerce Websites Detection Through Machine Learning
Sánchez-Paniagua, M., Fidalgo, E., Alegre, E., & Jáñez-Martino, F. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86271-8_23 · Cited by 8
TOO HARD TO MEASURE! MEASUREMENT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVITIES. AN OBJECTIVE-BASED PROCESS
Zerres, C. (2021) · Management & Marketing · doi:10.52846/mnmk.19.2.04 · Cited by 6
Opute, A. P., Kalu, K. I., Chukwuma-Nwuba, E. O., et al. (2022) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-3590-8.ch012 · Cited by 6
Key Opinion Leader Marketing Used by Chinese Makeup Brands
Wu, Y. (2022) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220504.323 · Cited by 6
Are households ready to engage with smart home technology?
Mulcahy, R. F., Letheren, K., McAndrew, R., Glavas, C., & Russell‐Bennett, R. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003307105-2 · Cited by 6
Enhancing brand equity in branded apps: A hedonic and utilitarian motivation´s perspective
Tran, T. P., Gugenishvili, I., & Muldrow, A. F. (2022) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2022.2113909 · Cited by 7
“…perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand awareness and association) (Yoo, Donthu, and Lee 2000), consumer brand engagement (including three components: cognitive processing, affection factor, activation factor) (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014), and task-service fit (Lin and Huang 2008).”
BackgroundYang, J., Jiang, M., & Kim, T. (2022) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2022.2143988 · Cited by 6
“Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie (2014) defined consumers’ behavioral engagement as “a consumers’ positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions” (p. 154).”
BackgroundStreet Art on TikTok: Engaging with Digital Cosmopolitanism
Shen, Z. (2022) · Cosmopolitan Civil Societies An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.5130/ccs.v14.i2.8017 · Cited by 6
“Engagement is a tangible, two- way value creation process and has an impact through positive interactions that lead to behavioral affinity (Hollebeek et al. 2014).”
BackgroundCustomer Engagement in Emerging Markets: Framework and Propositions
Hollebeek, L. D., Martínez, N. M., Clark, M. K., Simanavičiūtė, A., & Letukytė, N. (2022) · Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies · doi:10.15388/omee.2022.13.80 · Cited by 11
“However, as noted in our literature review, CE’s typical engagement object is the brand (e.g., Leckie et al., 2016; Hollebeek et al., 2014), yielding a particular need for the development of further insight into this micro-level emerging market characteristic (Vargo & Lusch, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationXu, Y., Chen, W., & Ow, T. T. (2022) · Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10919392.2022.2162288 · Cited by 7
“Users will generate other social media engagement behaviors such as likes, comments, and shares only when the content of the posts can stimulate their willingness to communicate and interact further with the enterprise and other users (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
BackgroundConsumer Incivility in Virtual Spaces: Implications for Interactive Marketing Research and Practice
Dineva, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14961-0_39 · Cited by 8
Yolanda, V., & Keni, K. (2022) · Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis · doi:10.24912/jmieb.v6i2.19506 · Cited by 6
“Menurut Hollebeek et al. (2014), dalam konteks media sosial, customer brand engagement adalah valensi positif konsumen yang berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif, emosional, serta perilaku dari suatu brand.”
BackgroundBusiness network power as a process for enhancing firm performance: A perspective of RAToC
Muna, N., Yasa, N. N. K., Ekawati, N. W., Wibawa, I. M. A., & Subawa, N. S. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2207620 · Cited by 6
“Literature reviews indicate that research on social media adoption has attracted the interest of academics and practitioners in marketing science to explore favorable business strategies (Fischer & Reuber, 2011; Hanna et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Sheth, 2020).”
BackgroundA Review and Research Agenda for Brand Communities in Sports
Wagner, D. (2023) · International Journal of Sport Communication · doi:10.1123/ijsc.2023-0114 · Cited by 6
Ismail, E., Elsharnouby, M. H., & Elaal, M. H. A. (2023) · Management & Sustainability An Arab Review · doi:10.1108/msar-05-2023-0026 · Cited by 6
Jabbar, A., Sheikh, A. A., & Raza, S. H. (2023) · International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs · doi:10.24088/ijbea-2023-83008 · Cited by 6
discurso político sobre las migraciones en Twitter durante la «crisis migratoria» de Ceuta (2021)
Alcaraz, A. O. (2023) · Cultura Lenguaje y Representación · doi:10.6035/clr.6793 · Cited by 6
Lee, J.-S., & Lee, H. K. (2024) · Fashion and Textiles · doi:10.1186/s40691-024-00385-9 · Cited by 7
“Affective engagement encompasses viewers’ feelings, sentiments, and emotional connections toward Hanbok-related content (Dessart et al., 2016; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Van Doorn et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialExamining moral identity and engagement with sustainable consumption at home and in the workplace
Šalčiuvienė, L., Dovalienė, A., Piligrimienė, Ž., Vilkas, M., Oates, C. J., & Banytė, J. (2024) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-07-2023-0192 · Cited by 6
Understanding self-esteem in the consumer journey: A model of purchase self-esteem antecedents
Razmus, W., & Łaguna, M. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06604-2 · Cited by 12
“CBE is defined as “a consumer’s positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions” (Hollebeek et al., 2014 , p. 154).”
The Effects of Consumer Engagement Behavior on the Growth of Social Media Brand Community
He, X., & Negahban, A. (2016) · International Journal of E-Business Research · doi:10.4018/ijebr.2017010102 · Cited by 6
Market structure determinants of performance for independent supermarkets
Volpe, R., & Cho, C. Y. (2019) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.3055 · Cited by 6
Hoskins, J. D., & Leick, R. (2019) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-10-2018-0126 · Cited by 6
Interactivity and engagement: a systematic review of academic production in marketing
Garzaro, D. M., Varotto, L. F., Carvalho, M., & Pedro, S. D. C. (2020) · ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing · doi:10.5585/remark.v18i3.16374 · Cited by 6
“The study by Kapoor and Vij (2018), use the mobile app attribute conversion model, to examine how mobile app attributes influence a food consumer’s buying decision.”
BackgroundThe Conceptual Model of Gamification-Based Consumer Engagement in Value Creation
Gatautis, R., Banytė, J., Kuvykaitė, R., Virvilaitė, R., Dovalienė, A., Piligrimienė, Ž., Gadeikienė, A., Vitkauskaitė, E., & Tarutė, A. (2020) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54205-4_5 · Cited by 7
Impact of Mobile Ad Wearout on Consumer Irritation, Perceived Intrusiveness, Engagement, and Loyalty
Alwreikat, A. A. M., & Rjoub, H. (2021) · Journal of Organizational and End User Computing · doi:10.4018/joeuc.20210501.oa5 · Cited by 6
“” Consumer engagement was assessed with an eight-item measure from Hollebeek et al. (2014).”
BackgroundMethodThomas, R., White, G. R. T., & Samuel, A. (2021) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-09-2019-0730 · Cited by 5
Extending the tourism experience: the role of customer engagement
So, K. K. F., & And, C. K. (2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315725185-23 · Cited by 7
Religious Value Co-Creation: A Strategy to Strengthen Customer Engagement
Sudarti, K., Fachrunnisa, O., Hendar, H., & Adhiatma, A. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79725-6_41 · Cited by 9
Social Media Influencers and Consumer Online Engagement Management
Lu, Q., & Seah, Z. Y. (2017) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-5187-4.ch070 · Cited by 7
Rethinking Sustainability Hotel Branding: The Pathways from Hotel Services to Brand Engagement
Tsou, H., Hou, C. C., Chen, J., & Ngo, M.-C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141610138 · Cited by 7
Chunqing, L. I., ZHANG, J., Wei, L. I. U., & ZHANG, C. (2022) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2022.02424 · Cited by 6
Systematic Theory Mapping: Deciphering Causal Complexity of Brand Externalities
Padela, S. M. F., Wooliscroft, B., & Ganglmair‐Wooliscroft, A. (2023) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/02761467231157616 · Cited by 7
Consumers’ Online Brand Endorsements
Bernritter, S. F., Verlegh, P. W. J., & Smit, E. G. (2016) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78560-313-620151009 · Cited by 7
Validating Antecedents of Customer Engagement in Social Networking Sites using Fuzzy Delphi Analysis
Jani, N. M., Hafiz, M., Maksom, Z., Haniff, M. S. M., & Mustapha, R. (2018) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2018.090939 · Cited by 6
Soomro, H. J. (2020) · Indian Journal of Science and Technology · doi:10.17485/ijst/v13i15.39 · Cited by 6
Influence of a continuous affect ratings task on listening time for unfamiliar art music
Taylor, J. R., & Dean, R. T. (2021) · Journal of New Music Research · doi:10.1080/09298215.2020.1867588 · Cited by 6
“Musical engagement is multidimensional, and is considered to have cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions (DeNora, 2003; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Hollebeek et al., 2016; North & Hargreaves, 2007a).”
BackgroundConceptualizing engagement in the mobile context
Kulta, H.-P., & Karjaluoto, H. (2016) · International Academic Mindtrek Conference (Mindtrek) · doi:10.1145/2994310.2994324 · Cited by 6
“Based on an extensive literature review of numerous engagement conceptualizations, it can be concluded that engagement is a multidimensional construct [12].”
BackgroundA Forgotten Tale of Lurking Engagement and Social Media-Based Brand Communities
Farhat, K., Aslam, W., Mokhtar, S. S. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2022.2080416 · Cited by 5
“Earlier CE studies have focused on either a specific type of social media (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014a) or on multiple communities (Dessart 2017), ignoring the differences amongst brand types.”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of University’s Social Media Presence on Students’ Organizational Media Use and Loyalty
Maring, N. C., & Gmür, M. (2024) · Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing · doi:10.1080/10495142.2024.2372662 · Cited by 9
“The multidimensional approach essentially assumes that SME includes a cognitive, an emotional, and a behavioral dimension (e.g., Dessart, 2017; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Jingchuan, J., & Wu, S. (2024) · ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL · doi:10.53728/2765-6500.1633 · Cited by 5
“Because customer engagement on social media is a marketing outcome that cannot be ignored (de Oliveira Santini et al. 2020; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Simon and Tossan 2018; Wang and Kim 2017) and more research asking for enhancing CE through AI tools (Lim et al. 2022), research on CE in…”
Customer Immersiveness and Customer Retention
Srivastava, A., Singh, B. M., Singh, A., & Singh, A. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0340-6.ch023 · Cited by 5
South African Township Consumers’ Recycling Engagement and Their Actual Recycling Behavior
Makhitha, K. M. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17104570 · Cited by 5
Smith, K. M., Kleijnen, M. H. P., Bart, Y., Pauwels, K. H., & Hulland, J. S. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2025.06.002 · Cited by 6
Muruganantham, G., & Kumar, B. D. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2025.2523581 · Cited by 6
Ahmad, K., & Lilani, K. (2025) · Telematics and Informatics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.teler.2025.100239 · Cited by 9
Social media and consumer engagement: A bibliometric analysis and future research directions
Rawangngam, N., Pongsakornrungsilp, P., Siriwong, C., Ketkaew, K., Tonsakunthaweeteam, S., & Kumar, V. (2025) · Innovative Marketing · doi:10.21511/im.21(3).2025.15 · Cited by 6
“The affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of consumer engagement in digital contexts are inherently complex (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Calder et al., 2016).”
Psychological comfort and customer engagement in services: mediating role of relationship quality
Desai, S., Radia, K. N., & Aagja, J. P. (2025) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-11-2024-0601 · Cited by 6
Using Generative AI to Enhance Psychometric Scale Development in Market Research
Keane, D., & McNaughton, R. B. (2025) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/14707853251384769 · Cited by 7
Lianopoulos, Y., Tzoumaka, E., Stamnas, D., & Theodorakis, N. D. (2025) · Sport Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10616934251383730 · Cited by 6
“…in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral brand-related activity (Hollebeek et al., 2014), re fl ected in various well-cited de fi nitions and operationalizations (discussed by Ma et al., 2022) and also applicable to online customer engagement, speci fi cally in the SNSs realm (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
InfluentialLi, X., & Xiao, L. (2025) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1177/14413582251390582 · Cited by 9
“High-quality content stimulates cognitive engagement by encouraging consumers to think more deeply about the brand and its offerings (Hollebeek et al., 2014), while creative content fosters emotional attachment, as consumers associate the brand’s qualities with their own identity over time (Sprott…”
Historical empathy: A key driver of visitor cultural attitudes at heritage destinations
Zhang, L., Li, X., & Li, X. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2025.101392 · Cited by 7
The impact of sustainable tourism experiential value on customer value co-creation behavior
Hien, N. N., & Luu, D. X. (2026) · Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1177/14673584261415611 · Cited by 6
Edible Heritage, Enduring Brands: The Role of Culinary Experiences in Destination Engagement
Chu, H., Ji, C., Prentice, C., & Tian, F. (2026) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70259 · Cited by 9
Virtue signaling vs. authenticity: ESG reporting for stakeholder engagement
Kachen, S., Bozkurt, S., Gligor, D. M., Petrescu, M., Krishen, A. S., & Orzan, M. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116139 · Cited by 5
Engagement hacia un producto vs. hacia una marca: una escala para el contexto mexicano
Martínez, J. V., & Ornelas, S. (2020) · Contaduría y Administración · doi:10.22201/fca.24488410e.2021.1898 · Cited by 6
“Dichas dimensiones son consistentes con hallazgos previos en la literatura de mercadotecnia (Applebaum, 2001; Calder, Malthouse, & Schaedel, 2009; Gambetti, Graffigna, & Biraghi, 2012; Haven, 2007; L. L. D. Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHows and Whys That Lead to Online Brand Engagement
Bhattacharya, S. (2023) · International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management · doi:10.4018/ijabim.322388 · Cited by 11
“Some research examined the multidimensionality of brand engagement, although most focused on its emotive and cognitive components (e.g., Algesheimer et al., 2005, Bowden, 2009, Brodie et al., 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPandey, S., Pandey, N., & Chawla, D. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-10-2022-5654 · Cited by 5
Consumer Responses to Elements of Visual Esthetics on a Brand’s Instagram Page
Permell, S. R., & Pacheco, B. G. (2023) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2023.2289931 · Cited by 5
Riskos, K., Dekoulou, P., Hatzithomas, L., & Papasolomou, I. (2024) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-05-2023-0141 · Cited by 5
Chung, D., Wang, J., & Meng, Y. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13060319 · Cited by 9
Agent-based modelling of user engagement in new product development
Liu, Y., Onggo, B. S., & Busby, J. S. (2024) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103062 · Cited by 5
Análisis sobre la eficacia del influencer marketing en el mundo de la moda
Dueñas, P. P. M., & González, E. S. (2024) · European Public & Social Innovation Review · doi:10.31637/epsir-2024-340 · Cited by 4
Marques, D., Silva, J., & Machado, R. (2024) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110711 · Cited by 6
Thakur, P., Kathuria, K., & Kumari, N. (2024) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-02-2024-0049 · Cited by 5
Majeed, S., & Kim, W. G. (2024) · Tourism, hospitality & event management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59535-6_14 · Cited by 5
Bozkurt, S. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104210 · Cited by 7
Sinha, M., & Srivastava, M. (2025) · Journal of Global Fashion Marketing · doi:10.1080/20932685.2024.2441768 · Cited by 6
“Customer Brand Engagement is “the level of a unique customer’s motivational, brand-linked, and context-reliant state of mind distinguished by specific dimensions of affective, cognitive, and conative perspectives in direct brand interactions” (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Engaging head and heart: effect of marketer-generated content on social media engagement
Chandrasekaran, S., Annamalai, B., Yoshida, M., ShabbirHusain, R. V., & Pathak, A. A. (2025) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2486586 · Cited by 5
“Thus, the behavioural aspect of the users’ SME enhances the experiential value beyond the instrumental value (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
Munaro, A. C., Barcelos, R. H., Maffezzolli, E. C. F., Rodrigues, J. P. S., & Paraíso, E. C. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2025.2500571 · Cited by 5
“The behavioural dimension, often referred to as the ‘activation’ dimension, highlights the critical role of consumers’ energy, time, and effort in brand interactions (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Factors Affecting the Purchase Intention of Virtual Goods in Mobile Game Clash Royale
Limanto, J., Semuel, H., & Adiwijaya, M. (2018) · Petra International Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.9744/ijbs.1.1.45-56 · Cited by 5
“This definition further supported by Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie (2014), which according to them, consumer engagement is a positive activity, from consumer related to specific consumer/brand interaction.”
BackgroundSocial Media and Social Identity in the Millennial Generation
Helal, G., & Ozuem, W. (2019) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7344-9.ch003 · Cited by 5
Consumer Engagement with Brand Posts on Social Media: Current State and Research Agenda
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“While there is no consensus on what consumer engagement is, much research on consumer engagement conceptualization has indicated that it is a multi-dimensional concept that is comprised of three dimensions; cognitive, emotional, and behavioral [32].”
Factors Influencing the Community's Intention to Participate in Public Services
Rogeleonick, A., Purwandari, B., Satria, R., Purwaningsih, M., & Kumaralalita, L. (2020) · International Conference on E-Business and Applications (ICEBA) · doi:10.1145/3387263.3387285 · Cited by 5
“Besides, the previous studies show that Instagram is also considered as an effective medium to advance people’s engagement [4, 8, 14].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Partitioned Ticket Prices on Sport Consumer Perceptions and Enduring Attitudes
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The mechanisms that make social media effective in building citizens’ trust on local government
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
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