The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Items 2,101–2,200 of 3,233
Medina, F., & Lodeiros-Zubiria, M. L. (2025) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2025.2519969 · Cited by 2
“On the other hand, the chaudhuri and holbrook (2001) scale, composed of 4 items, was adapted to evaluate Bt. cBe was evaluated using the six-item scale proposed by hollebeek et al. (2014).”
Waqas, M., Wajid, N., Khan, M. A., Hollebeek, L. D., & Urbonavičius, S. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70002 · Cited by 3
Self-citationGoing the extra mile: Engaging consumers through personalized communication on social media
Chang, H., Zhang, L., Song, L., & Meng, Y. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2025.2533191 · Cited by 3
Exploring corporate social advocacy and social media engagement: Insights from Ben & Jerry’s
Özoran, B. A., & Ulusan, A. (2025) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2025.102616 · Cited by 2
Experiential Engagement: A Scale for Experiential Contexts
Mankute, A., Cornwell, T. B., Pappu, R., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.70026 · Cited by 4
“Brand knowledge is one component of brand equity (Keller 2003), which previous research identifies as a consequence of consumer engagement (Hollebeek et al. 2014; Vander Schee et al. 2020).”
Constructions of marketing work: a critical Review
Miles, C. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2025.2551169 · Cited by 3
“…social media (for indicative over-views see Alves et al., 2016; Appel et al. 2020; Brennan, 2012; Burton & Soboleva, 2011; Cartwright et al., 2021; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Ibrahim, 2022; Kim & Kim, 2021; King et al., 2014; F. Li et al., 2021; Schultz & Peltier, 2013; Shawky et al., 2019) there is…”
Building Lovemarks with social media marketing: A methodological comparison
Westland, J. C. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104503 · Cited by 2
Srivastava, M. C., Saini, G. K., Thanigan, J., & Motiani, M. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-12-2024-5648 · Cited by 3
Mitigating distraction: interactivity and atmospherics in social commerce
Suraj, J., Hollebeek, L. D., Joseph, A., Akhil, M. A., George, A., & Letukytė, N. (2025) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-02-2025-0145 · Cited by 2
Self-citationDestination social responsibility as a driver of destination stereotypes and engagement
Kumar, V., Kaushal, V., & Sharma, M. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1177/14673584251390506 · Cited by 2
Social media use in a multistage wine business model with the emergence of wine tourism
Lacoste, S. M., Kleinaltenkamp, M., Chen, Y.-T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-06-2024-0428 · Cited by 2
Maione, G., D’Arco, M., Troisi, O., & Hysa, X. (2025) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-04-2025-0500 · Cited by 6
Muruganantham, G., Kumar, B. D., & Sivagnanasundaram, M. (2025) · Journal of Global Marketing · doi:10.1080/08911762.2025.2577939 · Cited by 2
Huang, H., & Chen, H.-L. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-07-2025-1435 · Cited by 2
Louati, F., Abdallah, N. B., & Damak, M. (2025) · Journal of Digital Marketing and Communication · doi:10.53623/jdmc.v5i2.770 · Cited by 2
“The mediating variable, affective engagement, was measured using three items from the scale of [45], with a Cronbach’s α reliability score of 0.914.”
InfluentialGupta, S., & Dutt, R. (2025) · Global Business Review · doi:10.1177/09721509251391522 · Cited by 2
Bai, S., Yang, Y., Yu, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-01-2025-0035 · Cited by 2
Show me the love! Gen Z perceptions of organizations’ love for them
Badham, M., & Valentini, C. (2025) · Journal of Communication Management · doi:10.1108/jcom-10-2024-0220 · Cited by 2
Konstantoulaki, K., Rizomyliotis, I., Konstantopoulou, A., Christofi, M., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Journal of Asia Business Studies · doi:10.1108/jabs-05-2025-0323 · Cited by 4
Saha, A., Kasilingam, D. L., & Jublee, D. I. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104656 · Cited by 3
Amin, M. A., Rahman, M. M., Hollebeek, L. D., Islam, J. U., & Clark, M. K. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70357 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSriwanna, S., & Meeprom, S. (2025) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-08-2025-0975 · Cited by 2
Rui, T., Bano, A., & Jam, F. A. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70164 · Cited by 2
Suh, T. (2026) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/02761467251411511 · Cited by 5
“…psychological and behavioral outcomes they generate, addressing calls for customer-centric approaches and illustrating how experiential design drives performance in immersive contexts (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Massa, Tucci, and Afuah 2017; Pine and Gilmore 2011; Ramaswamy and Ozcan 2018).”
Seeing Is Believing: The Role of Visual Content in Shaping Tourist Engagement and Attachment
Rasool, S., Prentice, C., Zeshan, M., & Zeidan, S. (2026) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70162 · Cited by 2
Sharma, A., Sharma, B. K., Soni, S., & Kundu, S. (2026) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-025-01040-1 · Cited by 2
Immersive escapes: the impact of augmented reality on the future of food service
Khan, K., Hameed, I., & Nadeem, M. (2026) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-03-2025-0308 · Cited by 2
CSR Communication on Social Media: Effects on Brand Image and Customer Engagement
Hossain, M. Z., Tazin, F., & Purnima, F. H. (2026) · European journal of management, economics and business. · doi:10.59324/ejmeb.2026.3(1).11 · Cited by 2
Yang, J. J. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21020063 · Cited by 5
“This aligns with growing evidence that user agency and co-creation enhance engagement and trust in digital environments [52,53], and with recent calls for human-centered AI design that prioritizes user control and interpretability [54].”
Moliner-Tena, Ángel, M., & Vicente, T.-E. (2026) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-026-00881-4 · Cited by 2
“…of customer engagement, OCE can be defined as a positively valenced cognitive, emotional, and behavioural commitment of the consumer to a digital channel (e.g. e-commerce), generated from interaction with the multi-touchpoints in an online environment (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Lim et al., 2022).”
InfluentialMolla, C., Islam, K., Hossain, M. R., Paul, P. K., Khatun, M., & Hossain, M. A. (2026) · Telematics and Informatics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.teler.2026.100304 · Cited by 2
Guo, X. (2026) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-09-2025-2035 · Cited by 2
Mu, S. R., & Baumann, C. (2026) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2026.2638454 · Cited by 2
Humanizing AI : How Anthropomorphic Chatbots Drive Customer Engagement in Online Travel Agencies
Ahmad, K., & Bhatnagar, A. (2026) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70285 · Cited by 2
Seeger, F., Wessel, M., & Lehrer, C. (2026) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-026-00883-2 · Cited by 7
Ooi, S. K., Yeap, J. A. L., & Hor, S. P. (2026) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-026-02707-z · Cited by 2
“…- tive, emotional and behavioural dimensions at the construct level, it functions within the CAC framework as an affective-dominant psychological state because it reflects consum - ers’ emotional involvement arising from prior cognitive evaluations (Brodie et al. 2013; Hollebeek et al. 2014 ).”
InfluentialUgwuanyi, C. C., Sarker, P., & Jaffari, A. A. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-026-00479-x · Cited by 4
Schill, M., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70836 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLinking perceived brand ethicality to brand evangelism
Tsai, K.-H., & Chen, W. (2026) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-03-2024-5072 · Cited by 3
Elkashif, M., Bakr, Y., & Taher, A. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104836 · Cited by 3
Gamification in marketing: a review of fifteen years of research and a future research agenda
Yang, X., Xi, N., Tang, H., et al. (2026) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-04-2025-0597 · Cited by 2
Gupta, A., Gupta, A., & Behl, A. (2026) · FIIB Business Review · doi:10.1177/23197145261445551 · Cited by 2
Das, M., Lim, W. M., Hollebeek, L. D., Verma, A., Majumder, S., Sreen, N., & Saha, R. (2026) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2026.2679379 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSalem, M. A., & Khalil, Z. A. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21070217 · Cited by 3
Fostering consumers’ climate (change) engagement
Hollebeek, L. D., Filieri, R., & Sprott, D. E. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116349 · Cited by 2
“…’ cognitive and emotional engagement (Schneider, 2021), is predicted to primarily drive their observable autonomous engagement behavior, or their self-directed investment of time, energy, and effort in their climate (change)-related interactions (Hollebeek et al., 2014), as shown in Fig.”
InfluentialSelf-citationJain, R. (2026) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2026.2707604 · Cited by 2
“…scale (Mehrabian & Russell, 1974), the psychological ownership scale (Van Dyne & Pierce, 2004), the consumer brand engagement scale (Hollebeek et al., 2014), the brand attitude and purchase intention scales (Spears & Singh, 2004), and the Concern for Information Privacy scale…”
Customer Engagement through Using Anime Stylized Advertisement
Klebanskaja, N., & Andriukhanova, O. (2018) · Management of Organizations Systematic Research · doi:10.1515/mosr-2018-0012 · Cited by 2
Tartaglione, A. M., & Granata, G. (2019) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7856-7.ch001 · Cited by 2
The Influence of Value-Co-Creation on Brand Equity: An Empirical Study in Saudi Arabia
Taher, S. F., & Almeshal, S. A. (2020) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.24297/ijmit.v15i.8749 · Cited by 3
Akbar, T. A., & El-Gohary, H. O. (2021) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7192-7.ch013 · Cited by 2
The Antecedents of Consumer Engagement in CSR Communication in Social Media
Alraja, M. N., & Hamdoun, M. (2021) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8065-3.ch013 · Cited by 2
Amoah, J., & Jibril, A. B. (2020) · Sciendo eBooks · doi:10.2478/9788395815072-054 · Cited by 2
“However, several studies have examined why customers are attracted by social media and their significance (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Malthouse et al., 2016; Jibril, Kwarteng, Chovancova, & Vykydalova, 2019).”
BackgroundPei, X., Lyu, F., Xiong, X., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912511 · Cited by 2
Mohamed, R., & Hassan, A. E.-A. A. (2022) · المجلة العلمية للدراسات والبحوث المالية والتجارية · doi:10.21608/cfdj.2023.258046 · Cited by 2
Markenwirkung und Konsumentenverhalten im digitalen Zeitalter
Ghorbani, M., & Westermann, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-38091-5_3 · Cited by 2
Can TikTok Sound Enhance Tourism SMEs’ Engagement?
Wahid, R. M., Karjaluoto, H., Ukpabi, D. C., & Taiminen, K. (2023) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25752-0_15 · Cited by 2
Maturity in leaps and bounds – organisational listening for customer engagement
Erkkilä, T., & Luoma‐aho, V. (2023) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2022.2155763 · Cited by 2
“…(Algesheimer, Dholakia, and Herrmann 2005) or to act as a brand ambassador with brand-related content combined with affection and passionate, emotional behaviour (Baldus, Voorhees, and Calantone 2015; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Obilo, Chefor, and Saleh 2021; Paruthi and Kaur 2017).”
BackgroundChallenges of Social and Digital Media Engagement for Established Brands: A Rise of Crowd Culture
Wahid, M., & Sultana, Z. (2023) · Journal of Business and Management Studies · doi:10.32996/jbms.2023.5.2.4 · Cited by 2
Mehboob, I., & Khan, M. M. (2022) · Journal of Public Value and Administrative Insight · doi:10.31580/jpvai.v4i4.2455 · Cited by 2
Rasty, F., Tabataba’i-Nasab, S. M., Poorrezaei, M., Almodarresi, S. M. A., & Ardekani, S. S. (2023) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2023.2176964 · Cited by 2
“Some studies have considered consumer-brand engagement as a unidimensional concept (e.g., van Doorn et al., 2010; Sprott et al., 2009), while others have considered it as a multidimensional construct (e.g., Hollebeek et al., 2014; Brodie et al., 2013; Baldus et al., 2015; Dessart et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMuhammad, I. S., Muhammad, H., Baig, S. A., & Muhammad, N. (2023) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202340906016 · Cited by 2
Online Esports Engagement: Motivational Antecedents and Marketing Outcomes
Erdoğmuş, Z., Esen, G., & Arslan, M. K. (2023) · Athens Journal of Sports · doi:10.30958/ajspo.10-3-2 · Cited by 2
“Finally, the behavioral or conative dimension refers to a consumer’s level of energy, effort, and time spent on using a brand (Hollebeek et al. 2014).”
BackgroundMohamed, M. F., Abdelshafy, M. M., & Ebeid, A. Y. (2023) · International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) · doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v11i10.sh02 · Cited by 2
“Social networking websites have played a significant role in advancing the development of brand communities, leading many companies to actively oversee their brand communities on social media platforms (Dessart et al., 2015; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOctavia, R., Rahmawati, A., & Shafitranata, S. (2023) · Journal of Economics Business and Accountancy Ventura · doi:10.14414/jebav.v26i1.3461 · Cited by 2
“The CBE aspect has three dimensions: cognitive, affective, and behavioral (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialBaldi, G., & Botti, A. (2024) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44721-1_43 · Cited by 2
Abid, M. A., Mohsin, M., Nasir, N., & Rafique, T. (2024) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-04-2023-0566 · Cited by 2
Rini, E. S. (2023) · JURNAL DIMENSI · doi:10.33373/dms.v11i3.5122 · Cited by 4
“Customer engagement involves directly or indirectly involving the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of customers in order to build a relationship with the brand (Vivek et al., 2012; Brodie, 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundImplementation of Chatbot and Auto Promote in Improving Customer Experience on E-Commerce Sites
Ernestivita, G., Subagyo, S., & Laras, T. (2024) · International Journal of Research and Review · doi:10.52403/ijrr.20240140 · Cited by 2
Brand Trolling Engagement Behavior (BTEB) of Customers: A Challenge for Customer-Brand Relationship
Kushwaha, T. (2024) · Journal of Relationship Marketing · doi:10.1080/15332667.2024.2308972 · Cited by 2
“Customers can like, share, and comment on content related to a brand in their social media posts (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Du Tempo au Big Data : la symphonie du Marketing 6.0
Mayol, S. (2023) · Question(s) de management · doi:10.3917/qdm.227.0089
Hadiyati, R. (2024) · Management Studies and Business Journal (PRODUCTIVITY) · doi:10.62207/sntdc635 · Cited by 6
“One study by Hollebeek et al. (2014) focuses on consumer brand engagement in social media, emphasizing the importance of empirical research in understanding engagement.”
BackgroundNguyen Phuc, H. U. N. G. (2024) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-024-01863-4 · Cited by 2
“It is different from the previous studies that mainly focused on brand building through loyalty assessment (Hollebeek et al. 2014).”
Smartphones and Digital Customer’s Journey
Appiah, D., & Watson, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35589-9_19 · Cited by 3
La red social X como canal de difusión del Podcasting
Nieto, R. M., & Díaz-Lucena, A. (2024) · VISUAL REVIEW International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura Visual · doi:10.62161/revvisual.v16.5189 · Cited by 3
Ni, Y., Mu, Y., Lu, M., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Advances in Economics Management and Political Sciences · doi:10.54254/2754-1169/82/20230667 · Cited by 2
Herman, H., ., B., & Suwitho, S. (2024) · Journal of Global Economics Management and Business Research · doi:10.56557/jgembr/2024/v16i18703 · Cited by 2
Li, J., & Lasi, M. B. A. (2024) · doi:10.53555/kuey.v30i6.3412 · Cited by 2
Investor cognitive engagement with earnings information: evidence from pupillary response
Badger, A., Li, S., & Shi, S. W. (2024) · Accounting and Business Research · doi:10.1080/00014788.2024.2344155 · Cited by 2
“Greater cognitive engagement is associated with better learning outcomes (e.g. Chi and Wylie 2014) and higher brand loyalty (e.g. Hollebeek et al. 2014, Shin and Back 2020).”
Katoch, M., & Sharma, A. (2024) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-11-2023-0462 · Cited by 2
Do Customers Foster Engagement Through Social Media Interaction? Brand Prominence as a Moderator
Rather, R. A., Rehman, S. U., Parrey, S. H., Gulzar, R., & Abbasi, A. Z. (2024) · Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/1528008x.2024.2364630 · Cited by 3
“Grounded on SDL-theory, CBEN is defined as “a customer’s positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity [during or related] to focal customer-brand interactions” (Hollebeek et al., 2014, p. 154).”
“Help me Chatbot!”: Customer-Brand Relationship in the Context of Tourism Chatbots
Aloui, N., Mousa, M., & Chaouali, W. (2024) · Tourism, hospitality & event management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59535-6_5 · Cited by 2
Imran, M., Khwaja, M. G., Abbasi, A. Z., & Hameed, A. (2024) · Tourism, hospitality & event management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59535-6_15 · Cited by 2
Yi, K., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., & Li, X. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241300537 · Cited by 2
“Warmth perception utilizes six items from Khan and Lee’s (2020) consumer ethno-centric scale and seven items from Hollebeek et al.’s (2014) independent brand connection scale, such as ‘‘the product is packaged in a language designed to be friendly to you and even your country’’ and ‘‘you will…”
Andika, A., Nasution, A. A., Luthfiana, D. N., Ihsan, A., & Yuanidhar, F. (2024) · Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management · doi:10.20473/jmtt.v17i3.60265 · Cited by 3
“…advocates for a broader, multi-dimensional approach that integrates psychological and behavioral elements (Ahn & Back, 2018; Hollebeek, 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014), the cognitive and emotional dimensions, as emphasized by Aljuhmani et al. (2023), are particularly critical for…”
Eze, M. (2024) · International Journal of Marketing Studies · doi:10.5539/ijms.v17n1p1 · Cited by 2
Tyagi, R., & Khanna, P. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83549-109-620251009 · Cited by 2
Wang, C., Liao, J., Yu, K., & Chen, J.-Y. (2025) · Behavior and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2488903 · Cited by 1
Alzahrani, M. S. J., & Zia, A. (2025) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2025.101164 · Cited by 6
Singer, M. F., & Jones, O. E. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15050134 · Cited by 2
“In today’s digital market, sports fans have instant access to sports-related news, statistics, and behind-the-scenes content, which fosters a stronger connection with their favorite teams and athletes than traditional marketing ever could [29].”
Simulated responses in reality-enhancing technologies: Scale development and validation
Pala, E., Kapitan, S., & van Esch, P. (2025) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102927 · Cited by 2
Müller, R.-A., Coffie, I. S., de Klerk, N., & Schalkwyk, J. H. (2025) · Business Perspectives and Research · doi:10.1177/22785337251342838 · Cited by 2
An, B.-J., Jung, S.-H., Ahn, G.-H., & Kim, J.-H. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp6030126 · Cited by 4
Singer, M. F., Callendar, C. L., & Kantilal, S. (2025) · Online Media and Global Communication · doi:10.1515/omgc-2025-0001 · Cited by 2
Exploring social media branded customer experience and engagement
Amegbe, H., Acquah, I. S. K., & Hanu, C. (2025) · Strategy & Leadership · doi:10.1108/sl-04-2025-0085 · Cited by 3
Deng, M., Li, J., Deng, X., & Sun, B. (2025) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-025-10078-0 · Cited by 4
Zagalo, N. (2020) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37085-5_2 · Cited by 2
Nguyễn, N. M., Hanh, D. H., Nguyen, T. T. H., Nhung, P. T. H., & Phương, N. T. T. (2020) · European Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.7176/ejbm/12-11-07 · Cited by 5
Effects of SNS Characteristics on SNS Engagement and Consumer Brand Engagement
Cho, B.-K., & Hyang-Sook, S. H. I. N. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Franchise Management · doi:10.21871/kjfm.2020.6.11.2.23 · Cited by 2
“Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie(2014) 최(cid:786)의 연구는 (cid:2861)동적 소비자 참여에 관심을 두고 있다 (Tafesse & Wien, 2018) (cid:2861)동적 또는 물리적 참여는 실제 (cid:2861)동의 (cid:2905)장된 의도이다 (Macey & Schneider, 2008 1987; Stokes, 1997).”
Impacts of RF radiation from mobile phones on human health and its remedies
Vijayalakshmi, L., & Devi, P. N. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research and Technology · doi:10.22201/icat.24486736e.2020.18.5.1282 · Cited by 2
Hollebeek, L. D., Clark, M. K., & Macky, K. A. (2021) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/07673701211054200 · Cited by 2
“Ainsi, les plateformes H2HP délivrent des messages ou du contenu aux utilisateurs et leur permettent, de cette manière, d’interagir (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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